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Los Angeles 


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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 
Los Angeles 
This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. 





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1Y 69 
HXAMINATION PAPERS. 


COLLECTED AND ARRANGED 


BY 


F. B. STEVENS. 





BOSTON: 
PUBLISHED BY GINN, HEATH, & CO. 
1884. 





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Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1882 
¥F. B. STEVENS, : 
in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 


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J. 8. Cusuine & Co., PRINTERS, Boston. a 
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ALGEBRA . 5 4 ; é A : 


ARITHMETIC . ‘ ‘ - A C 
CAESAR : ‘ A . 4 ‘ . 
CIcERO . x : : é J ; 


ENGLISH GRAMMAR . : 5 - - 
GEOGRAPHY . : “ A . 
GEOMETRY. , : é 

GREEK AT SIGHT 

GREEK GRAMMAR AND COMPOSITION 
GREEK HIsTORY . 3 ; 

GREEK PROSE . : : a 
History oF UNITED STATES 

HoMER 2 ; , : ‘ : 
LATIN AT SIGHT . ‘ A A “ 
LATIN GRAMMAR. ‘ 5 7 
LATIN COMPOSITION. A 

Roman History F : . < 
TRIGONOMETRY  . : . ; - 
VERGIL AND OvID . a : : - 


11, 125 


NOTE. 


Tuts book is published for the convenience of teachers and 
pupils in preparatory schools, and may profitably be used as a 
text-book for review. It contains a complete set of papers used 
at the regular entrance examinations since 1876, when the present 
system of written examinations was fully established, together 
with eight consecutive entrance papers of the Sheffield Scientific 
School. 

The papers used hereafter will be added from year to year. 


ACADEMICAL DEPARTMENT. 


REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION. 


(AcapEMICAL DEPARTMENT. ) 
1883-84. 


Higher Arithmetic: Including the metric system of weights and meas- 
ures. 

Algebra: So much as is included in Loomis’s Treatise, up to the chapter 
on Logarithms. 

Geometry : Euclid, book first, and the first 33 exercises thereon in Tod- 
hunter’s edition; or, the first four books in other geometries, with the 
above exercises. 


Latin Grammar. 

Ceesar: Four books of the Gallic war, or two books of the Civil war. 

Cicero: Seven Orations. 

Vergil: Bucolics, and first six books of the Aineid, including Prosody. 

Ovid: Metamorphoses, 2500 lines. 

The translation, at sight, of passages from Cicero or Cesar. 

The translation into Latin of a connected passage of English prose. [As 
special importance will be given to this part of the examination, it is 
suggested to teachers that they connect exercises in making Latin, both 
oral and written, with all the Latin studies of the preparatory course. ] 

Roman History: Creighton’s Primer of Roman History is suggested as 


indicating the amount required. 


Greek Grammar. 

The translation of English into Greek. : 

Xenophon: Anabasis, four books. 

Homer: Iliad, three books, with Prosody. 

The translation, at sight, of a passage from some work of Xenophon. 

Greek History. 

The rules for pronunciation given in Hadley’s Grammar are recommended 
asa guide. For Greek History, Dr. Wm. Smith’s or Fyffe’s text-book; 
and for Greek Composition, Jones’s Exercises or White’s Lessons are 


suggested. 


~ 


~ 


x 


ARITHMETIC. 3 


fares 74 
2. Divide 64 —i by ;4.- ; 
3. Find, to three decimal places, the value of —. 
4, Find the 4th term of a proportion of which the first, 
second, and third terms are, respectively, 3.81, 0.056, 1.67. 
5. Reduce 3 R. 15 sq. rds. 8 sq. ft. to decimal of an acre. 


6. (a) In a board 4™ long and 0.4™ wide, how many 
square decimeters ? 
(b) Divide 2700" by 90°. 


1881. 








33 
1. Divide 2 of =; of $ by be , and add the quotient to 


td 10 
15° 


2. Find vj; to three decimal places. 


loo 


3. Find, to three decimal places, the number which has 
to 0.649 the same ratio which 58 has to 634. 


4. A man bought a piece of ground containing 0.316 A. 
at 53 cts. a square foot; what did he pay for the piece? 


5. A grocer buys sugar at 18cts. a kilo, and sells it at 
let. per 50%; how much per cent does he gain? 


1882. 


4 
1. Find the value of a of 2 of an acre at $1.36 per 
square foot. 10 


2. Divide 3.63 by 2.353, and find the square root of the 
quotient to three decimal places. 


3. Find a fourth proportional to 3.75, 0.23, and 0.16. 


4. (a) Multiply the sum of 7, 823™, and 125™", by 5.12. 
(b) What is the weight in kilograms of 12" of water? 


4 ARITHMETIC. 


1883. 


1. Divide 82.1 by 41, 8.21 by 0.41, and 0.821 by 410. 
Carry the result in each case to four decimal places. 


2. Find the value to three decimal places of 
(0.146)? + (0.063)?. 


Bho ty we a 
8. Divide 8+ +72 y 1 py 88. 
2 of 55 - "141 
4. Some sugar is adulterated as follows: ;3; is worth 8 
cents per pound, #4 is worth 10 cents per pound, ;?; is worth 
12 cents per pound, and the remainder, 33 pounds, is sand. 


What is the mixture worth per pound? 
~ 5. Bank stock which sells at 170 pays an annual dividend 
of 124 per cent. What rate of interest does a buyer receive ? 


™ 6. Find the depth in meters of a cubical cistern which has 
a capacity of 30,000'. Give the result to three decimal 
places. 


ALGEBRA. v4 


1879. 
1—b ats 
1. Divide (83a—b) by a+b+ a. and simplify. 
; oa 


a+b 
2. (a) Find the sum and difference of V18a°b? and 
V50 a? b'. 


(6) Multiply 2V3 —V—5 by 4V3 —2V—5. 








3. Solve the equation, 


eA ey eta 
7 5) 4 











4. Solve the equation, 


ified le ieee ee! 


Aan a eee ae 








5. The sum of an arithmetical progression, whose first 
term is 2 and last term 42, is 198; find the common differ- 
ence and the number of terms. 


6. Expand to four terms, by the binomial theorem, (a’—b)5. 


1880. 


ra ec! a=, and reduce 














ih 1 
1. (a) Divide © 
. Sas aera a@—-l at 
the quotient to its simplest form. 


(6) Find the greatest common divisor of 
w*—6a7—8x—38 and 4a°—-12¢%—8. 


2. (a) Find the sum of 6V/4a?, 2V/2a, and V8a'. 


(6) Reduce to its simplest form the product, 


(w—1—V —2) (w—1+ V —2) (w—24+ V—3) (a—2—V—8). 


8 ALGEBRA. 


3. Solve the equations, 
(a) (2a —10) — 7, (8a — 40) =15 — 4(57— 2) 5x 
(b) piste 0S =0; 
x—4 


x ao +1 
c — 
(<) xv? —1 x 





4. Four numbers are in arithmetical progression: the 
product of the first and third is 27, and the product of the 
second and fourth is 72; what are the numbers? 


5. By the binomial theorem, expand to four terms, 
(a) (1—b)-*; (0) (@ — yy. 


1881. 


Free from negative exponents (4a °b?a*)~4. 

av? —2Qu—15 

Factor n?—2n?+n, 2-1, 2—niy, a+y7°. 
os eae 

V5 —v2 

5. Multiply V2—-2+V—3 by Va+2—V—8. 


Reduce to lowest terms 


Make denominator rational of 


pees ape 
8. By the binomial theorem, expand to four terms 





' : : * Baas | n—a 

9. Sum the infinite series 1+ 5 a +... 
1882. 

1. Factor a—40b+4ab*, 4aty*— 9277’. 

2. Solve a? = 21+ V2?—9. 


ALGEBRA. 8] 


3. Find the continued product of 


g—(24-V8), ~2—2=>-V3), 
(Sp Wal ign = (3 eV 








4. Divide 50 into two parts, such that the greater, in- 
creased by 3, shall be to the less, diminished by 3, as 38 to 2. 
5. Given mer #2 , find @ and y. 
2ay = 24 
6. Sum the infinite series 1, 4, 1, --- 
aa —19 
x? —8a+15 


7. Resolve into partial fractions. 


8. Expand by the binomial theorem, to 3 terms, EN cr) 
a 


9. Revert the series y=a+a2?+a°+ 2%. 


1883. 


1. Reduce the following expression to its simplest form : 
1 1 1 
x(x — a) (x —b) eng) (a—b) SSG —2) (6—a) 


2. Resolve y’ — J into three factors. 


3. Change vy~— 2a3yz4 +427 to an expression which 
will contain no negative exponents. 


4 ye ttotetd_a—b+e—d 
. atb—c—d a—b—c+d 


ciples of proportion that c= a 


d 


» prove by the princi- 


5. Find the value of 2aV1+ 2”, when 
i al a — lb . 
Se (\$ Ne) 


6. Given (7 —4V3) 2 +(2—V3) #=2, to find a. 


10 ALGEBRA. 


7. The sum of two numbers is 16, and the sum of their 
reciprocals is 4. What are the numbers? 


8. Compute the value of the continued fraction, 
1 


2+ 





1 





1+ 
ahah = 
a 


9. Convert atest into an infinite series by the Method 
Vila 
of Indeterminate Coefficients, or by the Binomial Theorem. 


10. Insert three geometrical means between } and 128. 


EOMETRY. 18 


1878. 


(EUCLID. ) 

1. If a straight line falling on two other straight lines, 
make the exterior angle equal to the interior and opposite 
angle on the same side of the line, or make the interior angles 
on the same side together equal to two right angles, the two 
straight lines shall be parallel to one another. 

2. To describe a parallelogram that shall be equal to a 
given triangle, and have one of its angles equal to a given 
rectilineal angle. 

5. If a straight line be divided into any two parts, the 
squares on the whole line, and on one of the parts, are equal 
to twice the rectangle contained by the whole and that part, 
together with the square on the other part. 


(LEGENDRE. ) 

1. If two sides of a quadrilateral are equal and parallel, 
the figure is a parallelogram. 

2. (a) To erect a perpendicular to a given straight line, 
at a given point of that line. 

(b) Ata point on a given straight line, to construct an 
angle equal to a given angle. 

3. In any triangle, the square of a side opposite an acute 
angle is equal to the sum of the squares of the base and the 
other side, diminished by twice the rectangle of the base and 
the distance from the vertex of the acute angle to the foot 
of the perpendicular drawn from the vertex of the opposite 
angle to the base, or to the base produced. 


(LOomIs. ) 

1. If two triangles have two sides of the one equal to 
two sides of the other, each to cach, but the included angles 
unequal, the base of that which has the greater angle will be 
greater than the base of the other. 


14 GEOMETRY. 


2. Through any three points not in the same straight line, 
one circumference may be made to pass, and but one. 

53. The rectangle contained by the sum and difference of 
two lines is equivalent to the difference of the squares of 
those lines. 

1879. 

[Candidates for examination in Euclid may take questions 2, 3, and 5. 
Candidates for examination in Loomis may take questions 1, 4, and 5. 
Candidates for examination in Legendre may take questions 2(b), 3, and 6. 
Candidates for examination in other Geometries may demonstrate as many 
of the theorems as they can, and do the problem (3) by the methods to which 
they are accustomed. ] 

1. The opposite sides and angles of a parallelogram are 
equal to each other. 

2. If a straight line, meeting two other straight lines, 

(a) Make an exterior angle equal to an interior and oppo- 
site (or remote) angle on the same side; or 

(6) Make the interior angles on the same side together 
equal to two right angles, the two lines are parallel. 

3. To draw a perpendicular to a given straight line, from 
a given point without that line. 

4. Parallelograms which have equal bases and equal alti- 
tudes are equivalent. 

5. If a straight line be divided into any two parts, the 
square of the whole line is equal (or equivalent) to the 
squares of the two parts, together with twice the rectangle 
contained by the parts. 

6. The rectangle contained by the sum and difference of 
two lines is equivalent to the difference of the squares of 
those lines. 

1880. 

{Candidates who offer Euclid may take 1 and 3. Candidates who offer 
Loomis’s Geometry or Davies’s Legendre may take 1 and 4. Candidates 
who offer Chauvenet’s Geometry may take 2 and 5. Other candidates 


may prove theorem 1 or 2, and do one of the problems (5, 4, and 5) by the 
methods to which they are accustomed. ] 


GEOMETRY. 15 


1. If a straight line fall on two parallel straight lines, it 
makes the alternate angles equal to one another, and the 
exterior angle equal to the interior and opposite (or remote) 
angle on the same side; and also the two interior angles on 
the same side together equal to two right angles. 

2. If two parallel lines are cut by a third straight line, the 
alternate interior angles are equal. 

Cor. I. The alternate-exterior angles are also equal to 
each other. 

Cor. II. Any one of the eight angles is equal to its corre- 
sponding angle. 

Cor. I1l. The sum of the two interior angles on the same 
side of the secant line is equal to two right angles. 

3. To divide a straight line into two parts, so that the | 
rectangle contained by the whole and one of the parts may 
be equal to the square on the other part. 

4. To divide a given line into two parts, such that the 
greater part may be a mean proportional between the whole 
line and the other part. 

5. (a) At a given point in a given circumference, to draw 
a tangent to the circumference. 

(6) Through a given point without a given circle, to 
draw a tangent to the circle. 


1881. 


[Candidates who offer Euclid may take 1, 2, and 8. Candidates who offer 
any other Geometry may take any four propositions of 3 to 7 inclusive. 
The Candidate will please state in writing the Geometry which he offers.] 

1. To describe a parallelogram that shall be equal to a 
given triangle, and have one of its angles equal to a given 
rectilineal angle. 

2. If a straight line be bisected, and produced to any 
point, the square on the whole line thus produced and the 
square on the part of it produced are together double of the 


16 GEOMETRY. 


square on half the line bisected and of the square on the line 
made up of the half and the part produced. 

3. A given angle BAC is bisected; if CA is produced to 
G, and the angle BAG is bisected, prove that the two 
bisecting lines are at right angles to each other. 

4. If two opposite sides of a quadrilateral are equal and 
parallel, the other two sides are equal and parallel, and the 
figure is a parallelogram. 

5. The rectangle contained by the sum and difference of two 
lines is equivalent to the difference of the squares of those lines. 
6. To construct a square equivalent to a given triangle. 

7. The area of a parallelogram is equal to the product of 
its base and altitude. 


1882. 
[Candidates may take either 1, 2, 3, and 4, or 1, 2, 3, and 5.] 


1. Todraw a straight line at right angles to a given straight 
line from a given point in the same.! 

2. In every triangle, the square on the side subtending an 
acute angle is less than the squares on the sides containing 
that angle by twice the rectangle contained by either of 
these sides, and the straight line intercepted between the 
perpendicular let fall on it from the opposite angle and the 
acute angle. 

3. The opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal to each 
other. 

4. Trisect a right angle. 

5. From the extremities of the base of an isosceles triangle 
straight lines are drawn perpendicular to the sides: show 
that the angles made by these lines with the base are each 
equal to half the vertical angle. 


1 Make and explain the construction as well as prove it. 


LATIN GRAMMAR. 19 


2. Decline ambo, opus, domus, ille. 


3. Compare felix, similis, parvus, primus, vetus. 
‘Write the ordinal numerals from one to ten. 


4. The principal parts of the verbs from which the follow- 
ing forms are derived : vivite, cedentia, ejiceram, jussus, vestit. 


5. Give the imperfect and perfect subjunctive active, and 
the present and perfect participle of fero, venio, pono. 


6. Inflect the present indicative and subjunctive of eo, 
Jero, possum. 


7. The synopsis of Joguor in the third person plural, in- 
dicative and subjunctive. 


8. Give the different ways of expressing a purpose in 
Latin. 
1878. 


[In writing Latin words, mark the quantity of the penult in each.] 

1. Write the genitive singular of frigus, virus, nemus, 
limen ; and the nominative singular of salutem, sitim, litore, 
silicis, vulnera, aethere, sulcis. 

2. Give the gender of the same nouns. 


3. Write out in full the declension of aliguis, ingens, 
exsul, hic. 


4. Compare magnus, tristis, malus, nequam, proximus. 


5. The principal parts of the verbs from which the follow- 
ing forms are derived: tenebat, audebat, cernimus, bibet, 
labatur, haerent. 

6. Inflect the future indicative active of nosco and debeo, 
and the present and perfect subjunctive of morior and possum. 


cd 


7. Write out in full the conjugation of fero in the active 
voice. 


8. What parts of the verb are formed from the perfect stem ? 


20 LATIN GRAMMAR. 


1879. 


{In writing Latin words, mark the quantity of the penult in forms of more 
than two syllables. ] 


1. Decline in full princeps, major, nullus. 
What other words are declined like nullus ? 


2. Give the ablative singular and genitive plural of animal, 
lex, vir, nox, currus, frigus ; and the genitive singular of 
caro, mos, ordo, cor, Juventus, custos. 

3. The gender of manus, sermo, pes, compes, fraus. 

What is the gender of nouns of the third declension 
ending in /? in a? in os? 

4. Compare fortis, difficilis, parvus, miser. 

Form and compare the corresponding adverbs. 

5. The principal parts of the verbs from which the follow- 
ing forms are derived: peteretur, alunt, praebent, perculsum, 
abjectum, canit. 


6. Inflect in the future indicative and in the present and 
imperfect subjunctive, cano, tueor, eo. 


7. Write the synopsis in the indicative and subjunctive of 
volo in the first person singular, and loguor in the second 
person singular. 


8. What classes of verbs take the genitive? 


1880. 


{In writing Latin words, mark the quantity of the penult in forms of more 
than two syllables. ] 


1. Decline in full domus, deus, plus, duo. 


2. The gender of nubes, honor, dies, aetas, ratio. Ablative 
singular and genitive plural of navis, pars, princeps. 


LATIN GRAMMAR. oP 


3. Compare the adverbs prudenter, fortiter, acriter, parum. 
From what adjectives are they derived? 

4. Give the nominative singular in full of quisque, quis- 
piam, quisquis ; give the meaning of each. When is the 
interrogative quis used, and when qui? 

5. The principal parts of nanciscor, pasco, pario, reor. 

6. Write the synopsis of capo in the second person 
singular indicative and subjunctive active. Give the pres- 
ent of jeci, cessi, novi. From what two verbs can tentum 
come? 

7. Write out in full the present indicative of malo, the im- 
perative of fero (both voices), the nominative and genitive 
singular of the present participle of eo. 

8. Explain the subjunctives in the following sentences : — 

(a) Facerem, si juberes. 

(>) Utinam mortuus essem. 

(c) Ne quis dixerit. 

(d) Quis est quin videat. 

(e) Laudavit quia hoc facerent. 

(f) Petit, ut iis qui adfuerint credamus. 


1881. 


[In writing Latin words of more than two syllables, mark the quantity of 
the penult. ] 


1. Decline homo, dies, domus. 
2. Decline qui, hic. 


3. Give the synopsis in the first person singular indicative 
and subjunctive active of moneo, capio. 


4. Give in full the present indicative active of possum, fero. 


5. Principal parts of volo, do, fio, nosco, curro. 


22 LATIN GRAMMAR. 


6. What are the different uses of the ablative case? 
7. Explain the use of the modes in indirect discourse. 


8. What is the stem of a noun? What kinds of stems 
belong to the third declension? 


1882 
[In writing Latin words of. more than one syllable, mark the quantity of 
the penult.] 
1. Give the synopsis in the third person singular indica- 
tive of habeo, capio. 


2. What is the final letter of the stem in each of the four 
regular conjugations ? 


3. Decline a neuter noun of each of the three declensions 
to which neuters may belong. 


4. Give the nominative and genitive singular and the 
gender of the substantives in the following sentences; the 
nominative and genitive singular of alt genders of the adjec- 
tives and pronouns; the principal parts of the verbs and 
participles. If a noun or verb is defective, or has different 
meanings in different forms, call attention to the fact : — 

(a) Postquam consulatum perfecit, domum rediit. 

(6) Milites in agrum Gallicum longo itinere duxit. 
™ (ce) Miror te haec tulisse. 

(d) Quod potuimus, egimus. 


5. Name and illustrate by short Latin sentences the uses 
of the dative case. 
6. In what ways does the Latin express purpose ? 


7. Use of the modes and tenses in conditional sentences. 


8. Explain the use of the gerundive. 


LATIN GRAMMAR. 23 


1883. 


{In writing Latin words, mark the quantity of the penult in those of 
more than two syllabies.] 


1. Decline pars, corpus, domus. 

2. Decline idem, quit. 

3. Give the synopsis of the third person singular indica- 
tive and subjunctive active of a verb of each of the four 
regular conjugations. 

4. What are the tenses in common use of the verbs 
memini and aio respectively ? 

5. Under what circumstances can the dative be used to 
express the agent? When can relative clauses take the 
subjunctive? 

In the following sentences tell where each word is made, 
with its construction or agreement; give the nominative and 
genitive singular and gender of each noun; the nominative 
and genitive singular in full of each adjective or pronoun ; 
the comparison of any word which is in the comparative 

rdegree ; the principal parts of each verb; and the reason 
for ew.ch instance of the subjunctive mode. 

a. Senex ille plus quam voluit perdidit. 

b. In fines porum mittebantur, ut auxilium ferrent. 

c. Odiy ‘f,y, mm vulgus et arceo. 

d. Non | ‘tiun perfecisset. 

What dig® |,; of meaning would be made by the sub- 
stitution of, \¢e’rtt in the last sentence? By the substi- 
tution of per), vil 

i 


24 CAESAR. 


CAESAR. 


1876. 


1. Translate (B. GT 25)s=- 

Caesar ab decimae legionis cohortatione ad dextrum cornu 
profectus, ubi suos urgeri signisque in unum locum collatis 
duodecimae legionis confertos milites gibi ipsos ad pugnam 
esse impedimento vidit ; quartae eohortis omnibus centurioni- 
bus occisis signiferoque interfecto, signe amisso, reliquarum 
cohortium omnibus fere centurionibus aut vulneratis aut 
occisis, in his primopilo Publio Sextio Baculo, fortissimo 
yiro, multis gravibusque yulneribus confecto, ut jam se sus- 
tinere non posset 5 reliquos esse tardiores et nonnullos ab 
novissimis deserto proelio excedere ac tela vitare ; hostes 
neque a fronte ex inferiore loco subeuntes intermittere et al 
utroque latere snetare; et rem esse in angusto vidit, nequ 
ullum esse subsidium, quod submitti posset : scuto ab novis- 
simis unl militi detracto (quod ipse © sine scuto venerat) »’ 
in primam aciem processit centurionibusque nominatim ~~ e 
latis, reliquos ceohortatus milites, signa inferre et » Appel- 
laxare jussit, quo facilius gladiis uti possent, : manipulos 


2. (a) Explain the subjunctives. { 


f 


b) Point out the co-ordinate conju ts 
J Mi 
/DS. 


1877. 

Translate (B. CA 2O)S ae 

Eodem fere tempore Publius Crassus,» , 
pervenisset, quae pars, ut ante dictum es! Aquitaniam 
tudine et multitudine hominum eX tertia regionem lati- 
aestimanda, cum intelligeret in his locis ¥ Galliae est 
dum, ubi paucis ante annis Lucius Valeclium geren- 

Praeconinus 


wWkiid | NUN AL Orie is 
BOS Atigeles, Cal 


CAESAR. BS 


lezatus exercitu pulso interfectus esset, atque unde Lucius 
Manlius proconsul impedimentis amissis profugisset, non 
mediocrem sibi diligentiam adhibendam intelligebat. Itaque 
re frumentaria provisa, auxillis equitatuque comparato, 
multis praeterea viris fortibus Tolosa et Narbone, quae sunt 
civitates Galliae provinciae finitimae his regionibus, nomina- 
tim evocatis, in Sontiatum fines exercitum introduxit. Cujus 
adventu cognito, Sontiates magnis copiis coactis equitatuque, 
quo plurimum valebant, in itinere agmen nostrum adorti pri- 
mum equestre proelium commiserunt: deinde equitatu. suo 
pulso atque insequentibus nostris, subito pedestres copias, 
quas in conyalle in insidiis collocaverant, ostenderunt. Hi 
nostros disjectos adorti proelium renovarunt. 


1878. 


Translate (B. G. III. 26):— 

Crassus equitum praefectos cohortatus ut magnis praemiis 
pollicitationibusque suos excitarent, quid fieri vellet ostendit. 
Illi, ut erat imperatum, eductis mm cohortibus, quae prae- 
sidio castris relictae intritae ab labore erant, et longiore 
itinere circuinductis ne ex hostium castris conspici possent, 
omuium oculis mentibusque ad pugnam intentis, celeriter ad 
eas quas diximus munitiones pervenerunt, atque his perrup- 
tis prius in hostium castris constiterunt quam plane ab his 
videri aut quid rei gereretur cognosci posset. Tum vero 
clamore ab ea parte audito nostri redintegratis viribus, quod 
plerumque in spe victoriae accidere consuevit, acrius impug- 
nare coeperunt. Hostes undique circumventi desperatis 
omnibus rebus se per munitiones dejicere et fuga salutem 
petere intenderunt. Quos equitatus apertissimis campis 
consectatus ex milium L numero, quae ex Aquitania Canta- 
brisque convenisse constabat, vix quarta parte relicta multa 
nocte se in castra recepit. 


26 CAESAR. 


1879. 


1. Translate (B. G. I. 38) :— 

Cum tridui viam processisset, nuntiatum est ei Ariovis- 
tum cum suis omnibus copiis ad occupandum Vesontionem, 
quod est oppidum maximum Sequanorum, contendere tri- 
duique viam a suis finibus profecisse. Id ne accideret, 
magnopere sibi praecavendum Caesar existimabat. Nam- 
que omnium rerum, quae ad bellum usui erant, summa 
erat in eo oppido facultas, idque natura loci sic muniebatur, 
ut magnam ad ducendum bellum daret facultatem, propterea 
quod flumen Dubis ut circino circumductum paene totum 
oppidum cingit; reliquum spatium, quod est non amplius 
pedum pc, qua flumen intermittit, mons continet magna 
altitudine, ita ut radices montis ex utraque parte ripae flu- 
minis contingant. 


2. What kind of a pronoun is sibi? Construction of sibi, 
pedum, altitudine. Write the numeral represented by pc in 
the form here required. 


3. Translate (B. G. IV. 5):— 

Est enim hoe Gallicae consuetudinis, uti et viatores etiam 
invitos consistere cogant et, quod quisque eorum de quaque 
re audierit aut cognoverit, quaerant, et mercatores in oppi- 
dis vulgus circumsistat, quibusque ex regionibus veniant 
quasque ibi res cognoyerint, pronuntiare cogant. His rebus 
atque auditionibus permoti de summis saepe rebus consilia 
ineunt, quorum eos e vestigio poenitere necesse est, cum 
incertis rumoribus serviant, et plerique ad voluntatem eorem 
ficta respondeant. 


4. To what does hoc refer (line 1)? What does que in 
quibusque connect (line 4)? Gender of vulgus. What use 
of the genitive in consuetudinis, quorum? 


CAESAR. ay 


1880. 


1. Translate (B. G. I. 34) :— 

Quamobrem placuit ei, ut ad Ariovistum legatos mitteret, 
qui ab eo postularent, uti aliquem locum medium utrius- 
que colloquio diceret: velle sese de republica et summis 
utriusque rebus cum eo agere. Ei legationi Ariovistus res- 
pondit: si quid ipsi a Caesare opus esset, sese ad eum 
venturum fuisse; si quid ille se velit, illum ad se venire 
oportere. Praeterea se neque sine exercitu in eas partes 
Galliae venire audere, quas Caesar possideret, neque exer- 
citum sine magno commeatu atque molimento in unum 
locum contrahere posse. Sibi autem mirum videri, quid in 
sua Gallia, quam bello vicisset, aut Caesari aut omnino 
populo Romano negotii esset. 


2. Who was Ariovistus? To whom does e7 refer (line 1)? 
What was the occasion of this embassy? Change neque exer- 
citum sine. . . negotii esset to the oratio recta. 


3. Translate (B. G. II. 10) :— 

Erant hae difficultates belli gerendi, quas supra ostendi- 
mus, sed multa Caesarem tamen ad id bellum incitabant: 
injuriae retentorum equitum Romanorum, rebellio facta 
post deditionem, defectio datis obsidibus, tot civitatum 
conjuratio, imprimis, ne hac parte neglecta reliquae nationes 
sibi idem licere arbitrarentur. Itaque cum intellegeret omnes 
fere Gallos noyvis rebus studere et ad bellum mobiliter celeri- 
terque excitari, omnes autem homines natura libertati studere 
et condicionem servitutis odisse, priusquam plures civitates 
conspirarent, partiendum sibi ac latius distribuendum exer- 
citum putavit. 


4. What is the construction of idem? Upon what does 
cum intellegeret depend? Why does cum require the sub- 
junctive here? 


28 CAESAR. 


1881. 


1. Translate (B. G. II. 11):— 

Ea re constituta secunda vigilia magno cum strepitu ac 
tumultu castris egressi nullo certo ordine neque imperio, 
cum sibi quisque primum itineris locum peteret et domum 
pervenire properaret, fecerunt, ut consimilis fugae pro- 
fectio videretur. Hac re statim Caesar per speculatores 
cognita insidias veritus, quod, qua de causa discederent, 
nondum perspexerat, exercitum equitatumque castris con- 
tinuit. Prima luce confirmata re ab exploratoribus omnem 
equitatum, qui novissimum agmen moraretur, praemisit. 


2. (a) Describe the vigiliae. . 
(>) Explain the subjunctives discederent and moraretur. 
(c) Give the time, place, and manner of Czesar’s death. 


3. Translate (B. G. IV. 8):— 

Ad hace quae visum est Caesar respondit ; sed exitus fuit 
orationis: ‘** Sibi nullam cum his amicitiam esse posse, si in 
Gallia remanerent; neque verum esse, qui suos fines tueri 
non potuerint, alienos occupare ; neque ullos in Gallia vacare 
agros, qui dari tantae praesertim multitudini sine injuria 
possint ; sed licere, si velint, in Ubiorum finibus considere, 
quorum sint legati apud se et de Suevorum injuriis querantur 
et a se auxilium petant: hoc se Ubiis imperaturum.”’ 


4. (a) Change the words of Cesar to direct discourse. 


1882. 


1. Translate (B. G. I. 36) :— 

Ad haee Ariovistus respondit: ‘‘Jus esse belli, ut. qui 
vicissent, iis, quos vicisseut, quemadmodum vellent, im- 
perarent: item populum Romanum victis non ad alterius 
praescriptum, sed ad suum arbitrium imperare consuesse. 
Si ipse populo Romano non praescriberet, quemadmodum 


CAESAR. 29 


suo jure uteretur; non oportere sese a populo Romano 
in suo jure impediri. Aeduos sibi, quoniam belli fortunam 
tentassent et armis congressi ac superati essent, stipendi- 
arios esse factos. Magnam Caesarem injuriam facere, qui 
suo adventu vectigalia sibi deteriora faceret. Acduis 
se obsides redditurum non esse, neque iis neque eorum 
sociis injuria bellum illaturum, si in eo manerent, quod 
convenisset, stipendiumque quotannis penderent: si id 
non fecissent, longe iis fraternum nomen populi Romani 
abfuturum. Quod sibi Caesar denuntiaret se Aeduorum 
injurias non neglecturum ; neminem secum sine sua pernicie 
contendisse. Cum vellet, congrederetur ; intellecturum, quid 
invicti Germani, exercitatissimi in armis, qui inter annos 
quatuordecim tectum non subissent, virtute possent.” 


2. Change the speech to direct discourse. 


3. Translate (B. G. IIL. 16) :— 

Quo proelio bellum Venetorum totiusque orae maritimae 
confectum est. Nam cum omnis juventus, omnes etiam 
gravioris aetatis, in quibus aliquid consilii aut dignitatis fuit, 
eo convenerant; tum navium quod ubique fuerat, unum in 
locum coégerant: quibus amissis reliqui neque quo se recipe- 
rent neque quemadmodum oppida defenderent, habebant. 
Itaque se suaque omnia Caesari dediderunt. In quos eo 
gravius Caesar vindicandum statuit, quo diligentius in reli- 
quum tempus 2 barbaris jus legatorum conservaretur. Itaque 
omni senatu necato reliquos sub corona vendidit. 


4. How long and by what authority was Ceesar in com- 
mand in Gaul? 


30 CAESAR. 


1883. 


Write a brief life of Julius Czesar. 

Translate any two of the following passages : — 

1. Dum haee in conloquio geruntur, Caesari nuntiatum 
est equites Ariovisti propius tumulum accedere et ad nostros 
adequitare, lapides telaque in nostros conicere. Caesar 
loquendi finem facit seque ad suos recipit suisque imperavit, 
ne quod omnino telum in hostes reicerent. Nam etsi sine 
ullo periculo legionis delectae cum equitatu proelium fore 
videbat, tamen committendum non putabat, ut pulsis hosti- 
bus dici posset eos ab se per fidem in conloquio circumventos. 
Posteaquam in vulgus militum elatum est, qua adrogantia in 
conloquio Ariovistus usus omni Gallia Romanis interdixisset, 
impetumque in nostros eius equites fecissent, eaque res con- 
loquium ut diremisset, multo maior alacritas studiumque 
pugnandi maius exercitui iniectum est. — (Bb. G. I. 46.) 

2. Eodem fere tempore Caesar, etsi prope exacta iam 
aestas erat, tamen, quod omni Gallia pacata Morini Menapii- 
que supererant, qui in armis essent neque ad eum umquam 
legatos de pace misissent, arbitratus id bellum celeriter 
confici posse eo exercitum adduxit; qui longe alia ratione 
ac reliqui Galli bellum gerere coeperunt. Nam quod intel- 
legebant maximas nationes, quae proelio contendissent, 
pulsas superatasque esse, continentesque silvas ac paludes 
habebant, eo se suaque omnia contulerunt. Ad quarum 
initium silvarum cum Caesar pervenisset castraque munire 
instituisset neque hostis interim visus esset, dispersis in 
opere nostris subito ex omnibus partibus silvae evolaverunt 
et in nostros impetum fecerunt. Nostri celeriter arma 
ceperunt eosque in silvas repulerunt et conpluribus interfectis 
longius inpeditioribus locis secuti paucos ex suis deperdide- 
runt. — (B. G. IIT, 28.) 

3. Quibus rebus Romam nuntiatis tantus repente terror 


CAESAR. SL 


inyasit, ut, cum Lentulus consul ad aperiendum aerarium 
venisset ad pecuniam Pompeio ex senatusconsulto proferen- 
dam, protinus aperto sanctiore aerario ex urbe profugeret. 
Caesar enim adventare iam iamque et adesse eius equites 
falso nuntiabantur. Hune Marcellus collega et plerique 
magistratus consecuti sunt. Cn. Pompeius pridie eius diei 
ex urbe profectus iter ad legiones habebat, quas a Caesare 
acceptas in Apulia hibernorum causa disposuerat. Delectus 
circa urbem intermittuntur: nihil citra Capuam tutum esse 
omnibus videtur. Capuae primum sese confirmant et colli- 
gunt delectumque colonorum, qui lege Iulia Capuam deducti 
erant, habere instituunt; gladiatoresque, quos ibi Caesar in 
ludo habebat, ad forum deductos Lentulus spe libertatis con- 
firmat atque his equos adtribuit et se sequi iussit; quos 
postea monitus ab suis, quod ea res omnium iudicio repre- 
hendebatur, circum familias conventus Campaniae custodiae 
causa distribuit. — (B. C. I. 14.) 

4. Itaque duabus legionibus missis in ulteriorem Hispaniam 
cum Q. Cassio, tribuno plebis, ipse sexcentis equitibus 
magnis itineribus progreditur edictumque praemittit, ad 
quam diem magistratus principesque omnium civitatum sibi 
esse praesto Cordubae vellet. Quo edicto tota provincia 
pervulgato nulla fuit civitas, quin ad id tempus partem sena- 
tus Cordubam mitteret, non civis Romanus paulo notior, 
quin ad diem conveniret. Simul ipse Cordubae conventus 
per se portas Varroni clausit, custodias vigiliasque in turribus 
muroque disposuit, cohortes duas, quae colonicae appella- 
bantur, cum eo casu venissent, tuendi oppidi causa apud se 
retinuit. Isdem diebus Carmonenses, quae est longe firmis- 
sima totius provinciae civitas, deductis tribus in arcem oppidi 
cohortibus a Varrone praesidio per se cohortes eiecit portas- 
que praeclusit. — (B. C. II. 19.) 


co 


2 CICERO. 


CICHRO. 
1876. 


1. Translate (Cic. Cat. IT. 4) :— 

Unum etiam nunc concedam: exeant, proficiscantur, ne 
patiantur desiderio sui Catilinam miserum tabescere. De- 
monstrabo iter: Aurelia via profectus est; si accelerare 
volent, ad vesperam consequentur. O fortunatam rem pub- 
licam, si quidem hane sentinam hujus urbis ejecerit! Uno 
mehercule Catilina exhausto, relevata mihi et recreata res 
publica videtur. 

2. (a) What was the effect of Cicero’s first oration upon 
Catiline? Location of the via Aurelia. 

(b) Original meaning of sentina. 
(c) Give the construction of desiderio, sui, via, rem 
publicam. 


3. Translate (Cic. Cat. IV. 5) :— 

At vero C. Caesar intelligit legem Semproniam esse de 
civibus Romanis constitutam, qui autem rei publicae sit 
hostis, eum civem esse nullo modo posse; denique ipsum 
latorem legis Semproniae injussu populi poenas rei publicae 
dependisse. 

4. (a) Explain the mood of sit, posse. What is the ante- 
cedent of qui ? 

(6) Why are civem and latorem in the accusative ? 
(c) What mode of punishment did Cesar advise? 
(d) Who proposed the lex Sempronia referred to here? 


5. Translate (Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7) :— 

Est igitur humanitatis vestrae, magnum eorum civium 
numerum calamitate prohibere, sapientiae, videre multorum 
civium calamitatem a re publica sejunctam esse non posse. 

6. The subject of est. Explain the construction of 
sapientiae. 


CICERO. re 


1877. 


1. Translate (Cic. Cat. II. 6):— 

At etiam sunt qui dicant, Quirites, a me in exsilium ejectum 
esse Catilinam : quod ego si verbo adsequi possem, istos ipsos 
ejicerem, qui haec loquuntur. Homo enim videlicet timidus 
aut etiam permodestus vocem consulis ferre non potuit ; simul 
atque ire in exsilium jussus est, paruit: Quid? ut hesterno 
die, Quirites, cum domi meae paene interfectus essem, sena- 
tum in aedem Jovis Statoris convocavi, rem omnem ad patres 
conscriptos detuli: quo cum Catilina venisset, quis eum 
senator appellavit? 


2. (a) Account for the mood and tense of dicant, ejicerem, 
interfectus essem. Why is the preposition used with me 
(line 1)? What does hesterno die qualify? 

(b) The location of the temple of Jupiter Stator. Why 
was it selected for this meeting of the senate? 


3. Translate (Cic. Cat. IV. 6):— 

Etenim quaero, si quis pater familias, liberis suis a servo 
interfectis, uxore occisa, incensa domo, supplicium de servo 
non quam acerbissimum sumpserit, utrum is clemens ac miser- 
icors an inhumanissimus et crudelissimus esse videatur? 


4. (a) In what case is fumilias? What does si connect? 
what utrwm ? 
(>) Construction of liberis, servo (line 1), clemens. 


5. Translate (Cic. Arch. V.):— 

Census nostros requiris scilicet: est enim obscurum proxi- 
mis censoribus hune cum clarissimo imperatore L. Lucullo 
apud exercitum fuisse, superioribus cum eodem quaestore 
fuisse in Asia, primis Julio et Crasso nullam populi partem 
esse censam. 


34 CICERO. 


6. (a) What uses of the ablative in this passage? With 
what does obscurum agree? 
(b) How often was the census held? What were the 
duties of a quaestor? 


1878. 


1. Translate (Cie. Cat. I. 6):— 

Quod ego praetermitto et facile patior sileri, ne in hae civi- 
tate tanti facinoris immanitas aut exstitisse aut non vindicata 
esse videatur. Praetermitto ruinas fortunarum tuarum, quas 
omnes impendere tibi proximis Idibus senties: ad illa venio, 
quae non ad privatam ignominiam vitiorum tuorum, non ad 
domesticam tuam difficultatem ac turpitudinem, sed ad sum- 
mam rem publicam atque ad omnium nostrum vitam salutem- 
que pertinent. 


2. (a) Explain the subjunctive videatur. 
(b) What days of the month were the Kalends, the 
Nones, and the Ides? How were the days numbered from 
these three points? Express in Latin October 21st. 


3. Translate (Cic. Cat. III. 7):— 

Omnia norat, omnium aditus tenebat ; appellare, temptare, 
sollicitare, poterat, audebat; erat ei consilium ad facinus 
aptum, consilio autem neque manus neque lingua deerat. 
Jam ad certas res conficiendas certos homines delectos ac 
descriptos habebat ; neque vero, cum aliquid mandarat, con- 
fectum putabat: nihil erat quod non ipse obiret, occurreret, 
vigilaret, laboraret ; frigus, sitim, famem ferre poterat. 


4. (a) Where are the forms norat and poterat found? 
Construction of ed, consilio. Explain the form siti. 
(b) What is asyndeton? Give an example from this 


passage. 


CICERO. oO 


5. Translate (Cic. Arch. I.):— 

Quod si haee vox, hujus hortatu praeceptisque conformata, 
nonnullis aliquando saluti fuit, a quo id accepimus quo ceteris 
opitulari et alios servare possemus, huic profecto ipsi, quan- 
tum est situm in nobis, et opem et salutem ferre debemus. 


6. (a) Give the antecedents of a quo and of quo. 
(6) What was the charge against Archias? What claim 
had he to Cicero’s services? 


1879. 


[One passage may be omitted.] 


1. Translate (Cic. Cat. II. 1) :— 

Sine dubio perdidimus hominem magnificeque vicimus, 
cum illum ex occultis insidiis in apertum latrocinium conjeci- 
mus. Quod vero non cruentum mucronem, ut voluit, extu- 
lit, quod vivis nobis egressus est, quod ei ferrum e manibus 
extorsimus, quod incolumes cives, quod stantem urbem 
reliquit, quanto tandem illum maerore esse afflictum et pro- 
fligatum putatis? Jacet ille nunc prostratusque est et se 
perculsum atque abjectum esse sentit et retorquet oculos 
profecto saepe ad hance urbem, quam e suis faucibus ereptam 
esse luget: quae quidem mihi laetari videtur, quod tantam 
pestem evomuerit forasque projecerit. 


2. (a) Upon what does quod... eatulit depend? What 
is the object of sentit? Why foras and not foris? What is 
the subject of projecerit? Why is it subjunctive? 

(b) Who was Cicero’s colleague in the consulship, and 
how was he affected toward Catiline ? 


3. Translate (Cic. Imp. Pomp. 20) :— 
Etenim talis est vir, ut nulla res tanta sit ac tam difficilis, 
quam ille non et consilio regere et integritate tueri et virtute 


36 CICERO. 


conficere possit. Sed in hoc ipso ab eo vehementissime dis- 
sentio, quod quo minus certa est hominum ac minus diuturna 
vita, hoc magis res publica, dum per deos immortales licet, 
frui debet summi viri vita atque virtute. 


4. (a) What kind of a genitive is hominwm? What dis- 
tinction in meaning between talis and tantus ? What does 
quod connect? Construction of hoc (line 5), vita (line 6). 

(b) The object of this oration. Its date. 


5. Translate (Cic. Marcell. 7) :— 

Nam quis est omnium tam ignarus rerum, tam rudis in re 
publica, tam nihil umquam nec de sua nec de communi 
salute cogitans, qui non intelligat tua salute contineri suam 
et ex unius tua vita pendere omnium? Equidem de te dies 
noctesque, ut debeo, cogitans casus dumtaxat humanos et 
incertos eventus valetudinis et naturae communis fragilita- 
tem extimesco, doleoque, cum res publica immortalis esse 
debeat, eam in unius mortalis anima consistere. 


6. Construction of rerum, unius (line 4), omnium (line 4), 
dies. Is rudis ever limited by a genitive? Explain the 
subjunctive tntelligat. Upon what does cum . . . debeat de- 
pend? Why is the subjunctive required? What difference 
in meaning between timeo and eatimesco? 


7. Translate (Cic. Mil. 34) :— 

Valeant, inquit, valeant cives mei; sint incolumes, sint 
florentes, sint beati; stet haee urbs praeclara mihique patria 
‘arissima, quoquo modo erit merita de me; tranquilla re 
publica mei cives, quoniam mihi cum illis non licet, sine me 
ipsi, sed propter me tamen perfruantur; ego cedam atque 
abibo: si mihi bona re publica frui non licuerit, at carebo 
mala, et quam primum tetigero bene moratam et liberam 
civitatem, in ea conquiescam. 


CICERO. oT 


8. (a) Where is the form licuerit found? conquiescam ? 
Give the construction of mihi (line 2), re publica (line 6), 
cives (line 4), mala, quam. 

(6) What was Cicero’s reason for defending Milo? 


1880. 
[One passage may be omitted.] 


1. Translate (Jn Cat. IIL. 8):— 

Itaque illorum responsit tum et ludi per decem dies facti 
sunt neque res ulla quae ad placandos deos pertineret prae- 
termissa est, idemque jusserunt simulacrum Jovis facere 
majus et in excelso collocare et contra atque antea fuerat ad 
orientem convertere ; ac se sperare dixerunt, si illud signum, 
quod videtis, solis ortum et forum curiamque conspiceret, 
fore ut ea consilia, quae clam essent inita contra salutem 
urbis atque imperii, ilustrarentur, ut a senatu populoque 
Romano perspici possent. 


2. (a) What kind of a genitive is illorum? Explain the 
ablative responsis. What is the use of et (line 1)? In what 
case is idem? 'To what is it here equivalent? Why is videtis 
not subjunctive ? 

(6) Indicate the relative positions of the Palatine hill, 
the Capitoline hill, the Forum and the Campus Martius. 


3. Translate (Pro Arch. VIII.) :— 

Quis nostrum tam animo agresti ac duro fuit, ut Roscii 
morte nuper non commoveretur? Qui cum esset senex mor- 
tuus, tamen propter excellentem artem ac venustatem vide- 
batur omnino mori non debuisse. Ergo ille corporis motu 
tantum amorem sibi conciliarat a nobis omnibus: nos animo- 
rum incredibiles motus celeritatemque ingeniorum neglege- 
mus? 


38 CICERO. 


4. (a) Why not guis nostri? What kind of an ablative is 
animo? Explain the form conciliarat. 
(b) Why does Cicero introduce the example of 
Roscius? Tell what you know about Roscius and his rela- 
tions to Cicero. 


5. Translate (De Imp. Pomp. XII.) :— 

Sociis ego nostris mare per hos annos clausum fuisse 
dicam, cum exercitus vestri numquam a Brundisio nisi hieme 
summa transmiserint? Qui ad vos ab exteris nationibus veni- 
rent captos querar, cum legati populi Romani redempti sint? 
Mercatoribus tutum mare non fuisse dicam, cum duodecim 
secures in praedonum potestatem pervenerint ? 


6. (a) Upon what does cum... transmiserint depend? 
The antecedent of qui. The meaning of dwodecim secures. 
What are the contrasted words in each sentence ? 

(>) Why were the armies obliged to cross over from 
Brundisium in the winter? Where was Brundisium? 


7. Translate (Pro. Lig. IV.) :— 

Hoc egit civis Romanus ante te nemo: externi isti mores, 
usque ad sanguinem incitari odio, aut levium Graecorum aut 
immanium barbarorum. Nam quid agis aliud? Romae ne 
sit? Ut domo careat? Ne cum optimis fratribus, ne cum 
hoe T. Broccho, avunculo, ne cum ejus filio consobrino suo, 
ne nobiscum vivat? Ne sit in patria? Num est? Num 
potest magis carere his omnibus quam caret? 


8. (a) What does the genitive Graecorum limit? Why hoe 
(line 5) and not illo? What answer is expected to the ques- 
tion Num est? To whom does ejus refer? To whom suo? 

(b) Who brought the accusation against Ligarius? 
Where and before whom was the case argued? How was it 
decided ? 


CICERO. 39 


1881. 


[One passage may be omitted.] 


1. Translate (Jn Cat. IIT. 10) : — 

In hoe autem uno post hominum memoriam maximo cru- 
delissimoque bello, quale bellum nulla umquam barbaria cum 
sua gente gessit, quo in bello lex haec fuit a Lentulo, Cati- 
lina, Cethego, Cassio constituta, ut omnes, qui salva urbe 
salvi esse possent, in hostium numero ducerentur, ita me 
gessi, Quirites, ut salvi omnes conservaremini, et cum hostes 
vestri tantum civium superfuturum putassent, quantum in- 
finitae caedi restitisset, tantum autem urbis, quantum flamma 
obire non potuisset, et urbem et cives integros incolumesque 
servavi. 


2. (a) Give the principal verbs of this sentence. Upon 
what does quantum... potuisset depend? What explains 
the meaning of lex haec? Explain the subjunctives possent, 
putassent. 

(b) Why did Cicero go into exile? How long was this 
after his consulship ? 


3. Translate (Pro Marcell. I) : — 

Diuturni silenti, patres conscripti, quo eram his tempori- 
bus usus, non timore aliquo, sed partim dolore, partim vere- 
cundia finem hodiernus dies attulit, idemque initium quae 
vellem quaeque sentirem meo pristino more dicendi: tantam 
enim mansuetudinem, tam inusitatam inauditamque clemen- 
tiam, tantum in summa potestate rerum omnium modum, tam 
denique incredibilem sapientiam ac paene divinam tacitus 
praeterire nullo modo possum. 


4. (a) With what does idem agree? The construction of the 
antecedent of quae. Why the pluperfect tense in eram usus ? 
(6) What moved Cicero to deliver this oration? What 

was the fate of Marcellus? 


40 CICERO. 


5. Translate (Pro Arch. III.) : — 

Hac tanta celebritate famae cum esset jam absentibus 
notus, Romam venit Mario consule et Catulo. Nactus est 
primum consules eos, quorum alter res ad scribendum maxi- 
mas, alter cum res gestas tum etiam studium atque aures 
adhibere posset. Statim Luculli, cum praetextatus etiam 
tum Archias esset, eum domum suam receperunt. 


6. Explain fully the meaning of the sentence, Nactus est 
... posset. Why is the subjunctive required? Why alter, 
and not alius ? 


7. Translate (Pro Lig. XII.) :— 

Nihil est tam populare quam bonitas, nulla de virtutibus 
tuis plurimis nec admirabilior nec gratior misericordia est. 
Homines enim ad deos nulla re propius accedunt quam salu- 
tem hominibus dando; nihil habet nee fortuna tua majus 
quam ut possis, nec natura melius quam ut velis servare 
quam plurimos. Longiorem orationem causa forsitan pos- 
tulet, tua certe natura breviorem. 


8. What determines the gender of nulla? With what 
does melius agree? Why are the two negatives nulla... 
nec not equivalent to an affirmative? 


1882. 
[Any two passages may be omitted.] 


1. Translate (Cat. II. 6):— 

At etiam sunt qui dicant, Quirites, a me in exsilium ejec- 
tum esse Catilinam: quod ego si verbo adsequi possem, istos 
ipsos ejicerem, qui haec loquuntur. Homo enim videlicet 
timidus aut etiam permodestus vocem consulis ferre non 
potuit ; simul atque ire in exsilium jussus est, paruit: quid? 
Ut hesterno die, Quirites, cum domi meae paene interfectus 


CICERO. 41 


essem, senatum in aedem Jovis Statoris convocavi, rem om- 
nem ad patres conscriptos detuli: quo cum Catilina venisscet, 
quis eum senator adpellavit? Quis salutavit? Quis denique 
ita aspexit ut perditum civem ac non potius ut importunis- 
simum hostem? 


2. Explain the uses of the subjunctive mode in this pas- 
sage. What different meanings has aedes in the singular and 
plural? Why is the pluperfect tense used in venisset (line 
8)? Could qui be substituted for quis in the expression quis 
eum senator adpellavit ? 


3. Translate (Cat. IV. 5):— 

At vero C. Caesar intelligit legem Semproniam esse de 
civibus Romanis constitutam; qui autem rei publicae sit 
hostis, eum civem nullo modo esse posse: denique ipsum 
latorem Semproniae legis jussu populi poenas rei publicae 
dependisse. Idem ipsum Lentulum, largitorem et prodigum, 
non putat, cum de pernicie populi Romani, exitio hujus urbis 
tam acerbe, tam crudeliter cogitarit, etiam appellari posse 
popularem. 


4. Who is meant by latorem legis Semproniae? Criticise 
the accuracy of the historical statement in lines 3 and 4. How 
would Cesar have disposed of the convicted conspirators ? 


5. Translate (Arch. 8):— 

Quod si ipsi haee neque attingere neque sensu nostro 
gustare possemus, tamen ea mirari deberemus, etiam cum in 
aliis videremus. Quis nostrum tam animo agresti ac duro 
fuit, ut Roscii morte nuper non commoveretur? Qui cum 
esset senex mortuus, tamen propter excellentem artem ac 
venustatem videbatur omnino mori non debuisse. Ergo ille 
corporis motu tantum amorem sibi conciliarat a nobis omnibus : 
nos animorum incredibiles motus celeritatemque ingeniorum 
negligemus ? 


42 CICERO. 


6. Why is nostrum used (line 3) in preference to nostri? 
How can we tell from the form of the dependent sentence 
whether commoveretur denotes purpose or result? Give the 
ablative singular of eacellentem and incredibiles. 


7. Translate (Marcell. 6) :— 

Quare gaude tuo isto tam excellenti bono, et fruere cum 
fortuna et gloria tum etiam natura et moribus tuis; ex quo 
quidem maximus est fructus jucunditasque sapienti. Cetera 
cum tua recordabere, etsi persaepe virtuti, tamen plerumque 
felicitati tuae gratulabere : de nobis, quos in re publica tecum 
simul esse voluisti, quoties cogitabis, toties de maximis tuis 
beneficiis, toties de incredibili liberalitate, toties de singulari 
sapientia tua cogitabis. 


8. Give construction of bono and fortuna. What is the 
difference in meaning between ceferus and alius? What kind 
of a verb is recordabere? Give its participles with their 
meaning. 


9. Translate (Manil. 15):— 

Jam accepta in Ponto calamitate ex eo proelio, de quo vos 
paulo ante invitus admonui, cum socii pertimuissent, hostium 
opes animique crevissent, satis firmum praesidium provincia 
non haberet, amisissetis Asiam, Quirites, nisi ad ipsum dis- 
crimen ejus temporis divinitus Cn. Pompeium ad eas regiones 
fortuna populi Romani attulisset. Hujus adventus et Mith- 
ridatem insolita inflammatum victoria continuit et Tigranem 
magnis copiis minitantem Asiae retardavit. 


10. What would be the imperfect subjunctive of accepta? 
Tlow would it differ in form from the imperfect subjunctive of 
venio? Pompey’s full name was Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo ; 
— what did the Romans call each of these names? 


CICERO. 43 


1883. 
[Any two passages may be omitted.] 


1. (a) Translate (in LZ. Cutilinam Prima, XI.) :— 

* M. Tulli, quid agis? tune eum, quem esse hostem com- 
peristi, quem ducem belli futurum vides, quem expectari 
imperatorem in castris hostium sentis, auctorem sceleris, 
principem coniurationis, evocatorem servorum et civium per- 
ditorum, exire patiere, ut abs te non emissus ex urbe, sed 
immissus in urbem esse videatur? nonne hune in vincula 
duci, non ad mortem rapi, non summo supplicio mactari 
imperabis ? Quid tandem impedit te? Mosne maiorum ? 
At persaepe etiam privati in hac re publica perniciosos civis 
morte multarunt. An leges, quae de civium Romanorum 
supplicio rogatae sunt? At nunquam in hac urbe ii, qui a 
re publica defecerunt, civium iura tenuerunt. An invidiam 
posteritatis times? Praeclaram vero populo Romano refers 
gratiam, qui te, hominem per te cognitum, nulla commen- 
datione maiorum, tam mature ad summum imperium per 
omnis honorum gradus extulit, si propter invidiam aut 
alicuius periculi metum salutem civium tuorum negligis.” 


(b) Give a brief sketch of Cicero’s life up to the time 
of the delivery of this oration. What political offices had 
he successively held, as suggested by the words per omnis 
honorum gradus (line 16), what in general were the duties 
of these offices, and at what age did he reach the consulship, 
as suggested by the words tam mature ad summum im- 
perium (line 16). 

2. (a) Translate (Pro Archia, HI.) :— 

Hac tanta celebritate famae cum esset iam absentibus 
notus, Romam venit, Mario consule et Catulo. Nactus est 
primum consules eos, quorum alter res ad scribendum maxi- 
mas, alter cum res gestas, tum etiam studium atque auris 


44 CICERO. 


adhibere posset. Statim Luculli, cum praetextatus etiam 
tum Archias esset, eum [in] domum suam receperunt. Sed 
etiam hoc non solum ingeni ac literarum, verum etiam naturae 
atque virtutis, ut domus, quae huius adolescentiae prima 
fuerit, eadem esset familiarissima senectuti. Erat tempori- 
bus illis iucundus Q. Metello, illi Numidico, et eius Pio filio: 
audiebatur a M. Aemilio: vivebat cum Q. Catulo, et patre, 
et filio. 


(b) Mario consule et Catulo (line 2) — about what time 
was this? es ad scribendum maximas (line 3) — mention 
some of them. 





(c) Explain the expression cum praetextatus .. . 
Archias esset (line 6). What does it imply as to the age 
of Archias at the time when he came to Rome? Why is 
Quintus Metellus called ille Numidicus (line 10)? Give the 
present of nactus est. Explain the subjunctives in the 
passage. 


3. (a) Translate (Pro M. Marcello, VI.) :— 


Atque huius quidem rei M. Marcello sum testis. Nostri 
enim sensus, ut in pace semper, sic tum etiam in bello con- 
gruebant. Quoties ego eum et quanto cum dolore vidi, cum 
insolentiam certorum hominum, tum etiam ipsius victoriae 
ferocitatem extimescentem! Quo gratior tua liberalitas, C. 
Caesar, nobis, qui illa vidimus, debet esse. Non enim iam 
causae sunt inter se, sed victoriae comparandae. Vidimus 
tuam victoriam proeliorum exitu terminatam ; gladium vagina 
vacuum in urbe non vidimus. Quos amisimus civis, eos 
Martis vis perculit, non ira victoriae, ut dubitare debeat 
nemo, quin multos, si fieri posset, C. Caesar ab inferis ex- 
citaret, quoniam ex eadem acie conservat, quos potest. 


(b) What part of speech is nostri (line 1), and how is 
this determined? From what kind of a verb does the se 


CICERO. 45 


show extimescentem (line 5) to be? What figure of speech 
in Martis vis (line 10)? Why is guin (line 11) employed 
here rather, for example, than quominus? What does ut 
connect (line 10), guin (line 11), si (line 11), and quoniam 
(line 12)? Explain the uses of the subjunctive mode in the 
passage. 


4. (a) Translate (Pro Lege Manilia, XXIII.) :— 


Ora maritima, Quirites, Cn. Pompeium non solum propter 
rei militaris gloriam, sed etiam propter animi continentiam 
requisivit. Videbat enim praetores locupletari quotannis 
pecunia publica, praeter paucos, neque eos quidquam aliud 
assequi classium nomine, nisi ut detrimentis accipiendis 
maiore affici turpitudine videremur. Nunc qua cupiditate 
homines in provincias, quibus iacturis, quibus conditionibus 
proficiscantur, ignorant videlicet isti, qui ad unum deferenda 
esse omnia non arbitrantur: quasi vero Cn. Pompeium non 
cum suis virtutibus, tum etiam alienis vitiis magnum esse 
videamus? Quare nolite dubitare, quin huic uni credatis 
omnia, qui inter tot annos unus inventus sit, quem socii in 
urbes suas cum exercitu venisse gaudeant. 


(b) Explain the uses of subjunctive mode in the passage. 
What other ways of expressing a prohibition than the one 
employed in nolite dubitare (line 11)? What other con- 
structions after verbs of rejoicing than the accusative with 
the infinitive, as in quem... venisse .. . gqaudeant (line 13)? 


(c) State briefly the subject of this oration and the 
circumstances under which it was delivered. 


46 VERGIL AND OVID. 


VERGIL AND OVID. 
1876. 

1. Translate (Verg. din. V. 604-612) : — 
Hie primum Fortuna fidem mutata novavit 
Dum variis tumulo referunt sollemnia ludis 
Trim de caelo misit Saturnia Juno 
Iliacam ad classem, ventosque adspirat eunti, 
Multa movens, necdum antiquum saturata dolorem 
Illa, viam celerans per mille coloribus arcum, 
Nulli visa cito decurrit tramite virgo. 
Conspicit ingentem concursum, et litora lustrat, 
Desertosque videt portus classemque relictam. 


2. (a) Explain the tense of referunt. What does dum 
connect? Explain the form Jrim. Give the nominative 
singular of ewnti. 

(b) Why was Juno hostile to the Trojans? What ca- 
lamity did she now bring upon them? 


3. (a) Divide the last two lines into feet, marking the 
quantity of each syllable. 
(b) Account for the quantity of the final syllables in 
variis, tumulo, de, adspirat. 
(c) When is e final long? Mark the quantity of the 
vowels in fiebam, mel. Distinguish between idem and idem, 
fugit and fugit. 


[6 may be substituted for either 4 or 5.] 


4. Translate (Verg. Hcl. X. 64-68) : — 
Non illum nostri possunt mutare labores ; 
Nee si frigoribus mediis Hebrumque bibamus, 
Sithoniasque nives hiemis subeamus aquosae, 
Nec si, cum moriens alta liber aret in ulmo, 
Aethiopum versemus ovis subsidere Cancri. 


VERGIL AND OVID. 47 


5. Translate (Verg. Geor. I. 383-387) : — 
Jam varias pelagi volucres, et quae Asia circum 
Dulcibus in stagnis rimantur prata Caystri, 
Certatim largos umeris infundere rores, 
Nune caput objectare fretis, nunc currere in undas, 
Et studio incassum videas gestire lavandi. 


6. Translate (Ovid, «Met. II. 319-524) : — 
At Phaéthon, rutilos flamma populante capillos, 
Volvitur in praeceps, longoque per aéra tractu 
Fertur, ut interdum de caelo stella sereno 
Etsi non cecidit, potuit cecidisse videri. 
Quem procul a patria diverso maximus orbe 
Excipit Eridanus, fumantiaque abluit ora. 


1877. 


1. Translate (Verg. din. III. 492-499) : — 
Hos ego digrediens lacrimis affabar obortis : 

Vivite felices, quibus est fortuna peracta 
Jam sua; nos alia ex aliis in fata vocamur. 
Vobis parta quies ; nullum maris aequor arandum 
Arva neque Ausoniae semper cedentia retro 
Quaerenda ; effigiam Xanthi Trojamque videtis, 
Quam vestrae fecere manus melioribus, opto, 
Auspiciis, et quae fuerit minus obvia Graiis. 


2. (a) To what does sua relate? What country was called 
Ausonia? Explain the meaning of the expression, semper 
cedentia retro. 

(6) At what places had A®neas landed before his ar- 
rival at Chaonia, and where had he attempted settlements ? 


3. (a) Divide the last two lines into feet, marking the 
quantity of each syllable. 


48 VERGIL AND OVID. 


(b) What is the quantity of the final syllables in mare, 
mari, maria, illas, nubes, cornu, quo; and of the penulti- 
mate syllables in traho, jiam, bibi ? 

(c) When is és final long? 


[6 may be substituted for either 4 or 5.] 


4. Translate (Verg. Ecl. III. 32-39) : — 

De grege non ausim quicquam deponere tecum ; 
Est mihi namque domi pater, est injusta noverca ; 
Bisque die numerant ambo pecus, alter et haedos. 
Verum, id quod multo tute ipse fatebere majus, 
Insanire libet quoniam tibi, pocula ponam 
Fagina, caelatum divini opus Alcimedontis. 
Lenta quibus torno facile superaddita vitis 
Diffusos hedera vestit pallente corymbos. 


5. Translate (Verg. Geor. I. 493-497) : — 
Scilicet et tempus veniet, cum finibus illis 
Agricola, incurvo terram molitus aratro, 
Exesa inveniet scabra robigine pila, 
Aut grayibus rastris galeas pulsabit inanes, 
Grandiaque effosis mirabitur ossa sepulchris. 


6. Translate (Ovid, Met. III. 28-34) ;— 
Silva vetus stabat nulla violata securi, 
Et specus in medio, virgis ac vimine densus, 
Efficiens humilem lapidum compagibus arcum, 
Uberibus fecundus aquis, ubi conditus antro 
Martius anguis erat, cristis praesignis et auro: 
Igne micant oculi, corpus tumet omne veneno, 
Tresque vibrant linguae, triplici stant ordine dentes. 


IASE NORMAL 5 
VERGIL AND OVID. MAL OOS 


1878. 


1. Translate (Verg. din. I. 437-444): — 
Hie vero ingentem pugnam, ceu cetera nusquam 
Bella forent, nulli tota morerentur in urbe, 
Sic Martem indomitum Danaosque ad tecta ruentes 
Cernimus, obsessumque acta testudine limen. 
Haerent parietibus scalae, postesque sub ipsos 
Nituntur gradibus, clipeosque ad tela sinistris 
Protecti objiciunt, prensant fastigia dextris. 


2. (a) Why is forent subjunctive? How was a testudo 
formed ? 
(b) Distinguish between paries and moenia, tela and 
arma. 
(c) Who were called Danai? By what other names 
does Virgil designate them? 


3. (a) Divide lines 4 and 5 into feet, marking the quantity 
of each syllable. 
(b) In this passage, what final syllables having a short 
vowel are made long by position? 
(c) Mark the quantity of each syllable in diet, ab, 
pacis, dabamus. 


[6 may be substituted for 4 or 5.] 


4. Translate (Verg. Ecl. I. 59-63): — 
Ante leves ergo pascentur in aethere cervi, 
Et freta destituent nudos in litore pisces, 
Ante, pererratis amborum finibus, exsul 
Aut Ararim Parthus bibet, aut Germania Tigrim, 
Quam nostro illius labatur pectore voltus. 


5. Locate the rivers mentioned in line 4. Distinguish 
between /évis and lévis. 


50 VERGIL AND OVID. 


6. Translate (Verg. Geor. I. 129-135): — 
Ille malum virus serpentibus addidit atris, 
Praedarique lupos jussit, pontumque moveri, 
Mellaque decussit foliis, ignemque removit, 
Et passim rivis currentia vina repressit, 
Ut varias usus meditando extunderet artes 
Paulatim, et sulcis frumenti quaereret herbam, 
Ut silicis venis abstrusum excuderet ignem. 


7. Translate (Ovid, Met. III. 55-62): — 
Ut nemus intravit, letataque corpora vidit, 
Victoremque supra spatiosi corporis hostem 
Tristia sanguinea lambentem vulnera lingua, 
** Aut ultor vestrae, fidissima corpora, mortis, 
Aut comes,” inquit, ‘‘ ero.” Dixit, dextraque molarem 
Sustulit, et magnum magno conamine misit. 
Illius impulsu cum turribus ardua celsis 
Moenia mota forent: serpens sine vulnere mansit. 


1879. 
{Omit any two passages. ] 


1. Translate (Verg. din. I. 740-746) : — 
Cithara crinitus Topas 

Personat aurata, docuit quem maximus Atlas. 
Hic canit errantem lunam solisque Jabores, 
Unde hominum genus et pecudes, unde imber et ignes, 
Arcturum pluviasque Hyadas geminosque Triones, 
Quid tantum oceano properent se tinguere soles 
Hiberni, vel quae tardis mora noctibus obstet. 


2. To what does geminos Triones refer? Explain the 
meaning of the last two verses. 


VERGIL AND OVID. 51 


3. Translate (Verg. din. VI. 384-391) : — 

{rgo iter inceptum peragunt, fluvioque propinquant. 
Navita quos jam inde ut Stygia prospexit ab unda 
Per tacitum nemus ire pedemque advertere ripae, 
Sic prior aggreditur dictis atque increpat ultro: 
*¢ Quisquis es, armatus qui nostra ad flumina tendis, 
‘* Fare age, quid venias, jam istinc et comprime 

eressum. 

‘¢ Umbrarum hic locus est, Somni Noctisque soporae : 
‘¢ Corpora viva nefas Stygia vectare carina.”’ 


4. What is the object of prospexit? With what is jam 
istinc to be joined? How does the Sibyl appease Charon? 


5. Translate (Verg. din. TX. 176-183) : — 
Nisus erat portae custos, acerrimus armis, 
Hyrtacides, comitem Aeneae quem miserat Ida 
Venatrix, jaculo celerem levibusque sagittis ; 
Et juxta comes Euryalus, quo pulchrior alter 
Non fuit Aeneadum, Trojana neque induit arma, 
Ora puer prima signans intonsa juventa. 
His amor unus erat, pariterque in bella ruebant ; 
Tum quoque communi portam statione tenebant. 


6. Describe briefly the adventure of Nisus and Euryalus 
which is related in this book. 


7. Translate (Verg. Ecl. V. 45-52) :— 
Tale tuum carmen nobis, divine poeta, 
Quale supor fessis in gramine, quale per aestum 
Dulcis aquae saliente sitim restinguere rivo. 
Nec calamis solum aequiparas, sed voce magistrum. 
Fortunate puer, tu nune eris alter ab illo. 
Nos tamen haee quocumque modo tibi nostra vicissim 
Dicemus, Daphnimque tuum tollemus ad astra ; 
Daphnin ad astra feremus: amavit nos quoque 

Daphnis. 


52 VERGIL AND OVID. 


8. What other word in the sentence has the same con- 
struction as sopor? In what sense is alter used? 


9. Translate (Verg. Geor. I. 259-267) :— 
Frigidus agricolam si quando continet imber, 
Multa, forent quae mox caelo properanda sereno, 
Maturare datur: durum procudit arator 
Vomeris obtunsi dentem, cavat arbore lintres, 
Aut pecori signum aut numeros impressit acervis. 
Exacuunt alii vallos furcasque bicornis, 
Atque Amerina parant lentae retinacula viti. 
Nune facilis rubea texatur fiscina virga ; 
Nunc torrete igni fruges, nunc frangite saxo. 


10. To whom was this work dedicated? The general 
subject of the first book. 


11. Translate (Ovid, Met. IV. 654-662) : — 
At quoniam parvi tibi gratia nostra est, 
Accipe munus, ait; laevaque a parte Medusae 
Ipse retroversus squalentia prodidit ora. 
Quantus erat, mons factus Atlas: nam barba co- 
maeque 

In silvas abeunt, juga sunt umerique manusque ; 
Quod caput ante fuit, summo est in monte cacumen ; 
Ossa lapis fiunt. Tum partes auctus in omnes 
Crevit in immensum — sic di statuistis — et omne 
Cum tot sideribus caelum requievit in illo. 


Prosopy. 
1. Explain the terms, spondee, ictus, thesis. 
2. Give the rules for the quantity of a final and es final, 
with the most important exceptions. 
3. Divide the following verse into feet, marking the place 
of the cesura, and the quantity of each syllable : — 
Unde hominum genus et pecudes, unde timber et ignes. 


VERGIL AND OVID. 53 


1880. 


{Omit any two passages. ] 


1. Translate (Verg. dn. Il. 571-582): — 
‘Tlla* sibi infestos eversa ob Pergama Teucros 
Et poenas Danaum et deserti conjugis iras 
Praemetuens, Trojae et patriae communis Erinys, 
Abdiderat sese atque aris invisa sedebat. 
Exarsere ignes animo; subit ira cadentem 
Ulcisci patriam et sceleratas sumere poenas. 
*¢ Scilicet haec Spartam incolumis patriasque Mycenas 
“* Adspiciet? partoque ibit regina triumpho, 
‘¢ Conjugiumque domumque patres natosque videbit, 
‘* Tliadum turba et Phrygiis comitata ministris ? 
“‘ Occiderit ferro Priamus? Troja arserit igni? 
‘¢ Dardanium toties sudarit sanguine litus ? 
* Helen. 
2. (a) To whom does conjugis (line 2) refer? 
(6) Explain the meaning of T’rojae et patriae communis 
Erinys. 
(c) In what two ways may invisa (line 4) be translated ? 


3. Translate (Verg. 4n. V. 852-861): — 
Talia dicta dabat, clavumque affixus et haerens 
Nusquam amittebat, oculosque sub astra tenebat. 
Eece deus ramum Lethaeo rore madentem 
Vique soporatum Stygia super utraque quassat 
Tempora, cunctantique natantia lumina solvit. 
Vix primos inopina quies laxaverat artus ; 
Et superincumbens, cum puppis parte revulsa 
Cumque gubernaclo, liquidas projecit in undas 
Praecipitem ac socios nequidquam saepe vocantem ; 
Ipse volans tenues se sustulit ales ad auras. 


4. Explain the epithets Lethaeo and Stygia. 


54 VERGIL AND OVID. 


5. Translate (Verg. dn. VII. 360-370) : — 

Nec te miseret gnataeque tuique ? 
Nee matris miseret, quam primo aquilone relinquet 
Perfidus, alta petens abducta virgine, praedo? 
At non sie Phrygius penetrat Lacedaemona pastor 
Ledaeamque Helenam Trojanas vexit ad urbes? 
Quid tua sancta fides? quid cura antiqua tuorum 
Et consanguineo toties data dextera Turno? 
Si gener externa petitur de gente Latinis, 
Idque sedet, Faunique premunt te jussa parentis, 
Omnem equidem sceptris terram quae libera nostris 
Dissidet, externam reor, et sic dicere divos. 


6. (a) Who is meant by Phrygius pastor ? 
(b) Explain the purport of the last two lines. 


7. Translate (Verg. Ecl. III. 64—71) : — 
D. Malo me Galatea petit, lasciva puella, 
Et fugit ad salices, et se cupit ante videri. 
M. At mihi sese offert ultro meus ignis Amyntas, 
Notior ut jam sit canibus non Delia nostris. 
D. Parta meae Veneri sunt munera: namque notavi 
Ipse locum, aériae quo congessere palumbes. 
M. Quod potui, puero silvestri ex arbore lecta 
Aurea mala decem misi; eras altera mittam. 


8. Translate (Verg. Geor. II. 897-407) : — 

Est etiam ille labor curandis vitibus alter, 

Cui numquam exhausti satis est: namque omne quo- 
tannis 

Terque quaterque solum scindendiim glaebaque versis 
Aeternum frangenda bidentibus ; omne levandum 
Fronde nemus. Redit agricolis labor actus in orbem, 
Atque in se sua per vestigia volvitur annus. 
Ac jam olim, seras posuit cum vinea frondes, 


VERGIL AND OVID. ao 


Frigidus et silvis Aquilo decussit honorem, 

Jam tum acer curas venientem extendit in annuin 
Rusticus, et curvo Saturni dente relictam 
Persequitur vitem attondens fingitque putando. 


9. Translate (Ovid, Met. I. 351-362) : — 
‘¢Q soror, 0 conjunx, o femina sola superstes, 
Quam commune mihi genus et patruelis origo, 
Deinde torus junxit, nunc ipsa pericula jungunt : 
Terrarum, quascumque vident occasus et ortus, 
Nos duo turba sumus ; possedit cetera pontus. 
Haec quoque adhue vitae non est fiducia nostrae 
Certa satis; terrent etiam nune nubila mentem. 
Quid tibi, si sine me fatis erepta fuisses, 
Nune animi, miseranda, foret? quo sola timorem 
Ferre modo posses? quo consolante doleres ? 
Namque ego, crede mihi, si te quoque pontus haberet, 
Te sequerer, conjunx, et me quoque pontus haberet. 


Prosopy. 


10. (a) Give the rules for the quantity of final syllables in 
es and in o with the principal exceptions. 

(6) Define ceesura. Where is the ceesural pause usually 
found? 

(c) Mark off the following lines into feet, indicating 
the quantity of each syllable; and show where the cesural 
pause falls : — 

Postquam altum tenuere rates, nec jam amplius ullae 
Apparent terrae, caelum undique et undique pontus, 
Tum mihi caeruleus supra caput adstitit imber, 
Noctem hiememque ferens, et inhorruit unda tenebris. 


56 VERGIL AND OVID. 


1881. 


1. Translate (Verg. dén. IV. 560-565) : — 
Nate dea, potes hoc sub casu ducere somnos, 
Nec, quae te circum stent deinde pericula, cernis, 
Demens, nec Zephyros audis spirare secundos ? 
Illa dolos dirumque nefas in pectore versat, 
Certa mori, varioque irarum fluctuat aestu. 
Non fugis hine praeceps, dum praecipitare potestas ? 


2. (a) Give the construction of dea. Who are meant by 
Nate, dea, and illa? 
(6) Divide the first three lines into feet, and give rules 
for the quantities of any nine vowels in the first line. 


[Omit any two of the following passages. ] 


3. Translate (Verg. Hel. II. 832-37) :— 
De grege non ausim guicquam deponere tecum : 
Est mihi namque domi pater, est injusta noverea ; 
Bisque die numerant ambo pecus, alter et haedos. 
Verum, id quod multo tute ipse fatebere majus, 
Insanire libet quoniam tibi, pocula ponam 
Fagina, caelatum divini opus Alcimedontis. 


4. Why are these poems called ‘‘Eclogues’”’? Why 
*¢ Bucolics ’’ ? 


5. Translate (Verg. Geor. II. 503-512) : — 
Sollicitant alii remis freta caeca, rnuntque 
In ferrum, penetrant aulas et limina regum ; 
Hic petit exscidiis urbem miserosque Penatis, 
Ut gemma bibat et Sarrano dormiat ostro ; 
Condit opes alius, defossoque incubat auro ; 
Hic stupet attonitus Rostris ; hune plausus hiantem 
Per cuneos geminatus enim plebisque patrumque 
Corripuit ; gaudent perfusi sanguine fratrum, 


VERGIL AND OVID. at 


Exsilioque domos et dulcia limina mutant, 
Atque alio patriam quaerunt sub sole iacentem. 


6. Tell what you know of the Penates. Give the deriva- 
tion and different meanings of rostrum. 


7. Translate (Verg. dn. IX. 375-383) : — 
Conclamat ab agmine Volscens : 

State, viri; quae caussa viae? quive estis in armis? 
Quove tenetis iter? Nihil illi tendere contra, 
Sed celerare fugam in silvas et fidere nocti. 
Obiiciunt equites sese ad divortia nota 
Hine atque hinc, omnemque abitum custode coronant. 
Silva fuit late dumis atque ilice nigra 
Horrida, quam densi conplerant undique sentes ; 
Rara per occultos lucebat semita calles. 


8. Give in outline the episode of Nisus and Euryalus. 


9. Translate (Ovid, Met. I. 324-335) : — 

Juppiter ut liquidis stagnare paludibus orbem, 
Et superesse virum de tot modo milibus unum, 
Et superesse videt de tot modo milibus unam, 
Innocuos ambos, cultores numinis ambos, 
Nubila disjecit, nimbisque aquilone remotis 
Et caelo terras ostendit, et aethera terris. 

Nec maris ira manet, positoque tricuspide telo 
Mulcet aquas rector pelagi, supraque profundum 
Exstantem atque umeros innato murice tectum 
Caeruleum Tritona vocat, conchaeque sonanti 
Inspirare jubet, fluctusque et flumina signo 

Jam revocare dato. 


10. Who is meant by rector pelagi? Give the myth of 
Deucalion. 


58 VERGIL AND OVID. 


1882. 


1. Translate (Verg. Ecl. VII. 6-13) :— 
Hue mihi, dum teneras defendo a frigore myrtos, 
Vir gregis ipse caper deeraverat ; atque ego Daphnim 
Aspicio. Ille ubi me contra videt ; Ocius, inquit, 
Hue ades, 0 Meliboee! caper tibi salvus et haedi ; 
Et, si quid cessare potes, requiesce sub umbra, 
Hue ipsi potum venient per prata juvenci ; 
Hic virides tenera praetexit harundine ripas 
Mincius, eque sacra resonant examina quercu. 


2. Give the construction of quid (line 5), potum (line 6). 
Meaning of vir (line 2); why could not homo be used? 
Derivation of examina (line 8). 


3. Divide the first two lines of the preceding passage into 
feet, marking the quantity of the syllables. Give rule for the 
quantity of final vowel of mihi; of final syllable of gregis. 
What names does this verse bear, and why are they given? 
What figure of prosody in the second line? 


4. Translate (Verg. din. V. 854-861) : — 
Ecce deus ramum Lethaeo rore madentem _ 
Vique soporatum Stygia super utraque quassat 
Tempora, cunctantique natantia lumina solvit. 
Vix primos inopina quies laxaverat artus: 
Et superincumbens cum puppis parte revolsa 
Cumque gubernaclo liquidas projecit in undas 
Praecipitem ac socios nequiquam saepe vocantem ; 
Ipse volans tenues se sustulit ales ad auras. 


5. Construction of cunctanti (line 3); to whom does it 
refer? What sort of a verb is qguassat (line 2)? 


Qn 
© 


VERGIL AND OVID. 


[Omit any two of the following passages. ] 

6. Translate (Verg. Geor. IL. 532538) : — 
Hane olim veteres vitam coluere Sabini 
Hane Remus et frater, sie fortis Etruria crevit 
Scilicet et rerum facta est pulcherrima Roma, 
Septemgue una sibi muro circumdedit arces. 
Ante etiam sceptrum Dictaei regis, et ante 
Impia quam caesis gens est epulata juvencis, 
Aureus hance vitam in terris Saturnus agebat. 


7. Who is meant by Dictaei regis (line 5), and why is he 
so termed? ‘To whom were the Georgics addressed? 


8. Translate (Verg. din. IX. 47-53) : — 
Turnus, ut ante volans tardum praecesserat agmen, 
Viginti lectis equitum comitatus et urbi 
Improvisus adest ; maculis quem Thracius albis 
Portat equus, cristaque tegit galea aurea rubra. 
Eequis erit, mecum, juvenes, qui primus in hostem ? 
En, ait. Et jaculum attorquens emittit in auras, 
Principium pugnae, et campo sese arduus infert. 

9. Construction of qui (line 5). What figure have we in 

the line? 


10. Translate (Ovid, Met. IV. 735-743) : — 
Litora cum plausu clamor superasque deorum 
Implevere domos: gaudent, generumque salutant, 
Auxiliumque domus servatoremque fatentur 
Cassiope Cepheusque pater: resoluta catenis 
Incedit virgo, pretiumque et causa laboris. 
Ipse manus hausta victrices abluit unda ; 
Anguiferumque caput dura ne laedat harena, 
Mollit humum foliis, natasque sub aequore virgas 
Sternit, et imponit Phorcynidos ora Medusae. 


11. Give a brief outline of the story here referred to. 


60 VERGIL AND OVID. 


1883. 
PrRosopy. 


1. Describe the following verse by giving its full metrical 

name : — 
Quippe etiam festis quaedum exercere diebus. 

Divide it into feet, marking the quautity of each syllable 
and the place cf the cesura. What figure of prosody does 
this verse illustrate? Show wherein. Mark the quantity of 
the final syllables in possis, audi, bonus, dummodo, bos, 
illuc. 


2. Translate (Zn. VI. 56-65) :— 


‘¢ Phoebe, graves Trojae semper miserate labores, 

*¢ Dardana qui Paridis direxti tela manusque 

** Corpus in Aeacidae, magnas obeuntia terras 

** Tot maria intravi duce te, penitusque repostas 

‘* Massylum gentes praetentaque Syrtibus arva; 

** Jam tandem Italiae fugientis prendimus oras: 

** Hac Trojana tenus fuerit fortuna secuta! 

*¢ Vos quoque Pergameae jam fas est parcere genti, 

*¢ Dique deaeque omnes, quibus obstitit Ilium et ingens 
** Gloria Dardaniae. 


Explain the reference in the second verse. What were 
the Syrtes? How had Aineas made this voyage ‘‘ duce te”? 


3. Translate (Hel. VI. 64-73) : — 
Tum canit, errantem Permessi ad flumina Gallum 
Aonas in montes ut duxerit una sororum, 
Utque viro Phoebi chorus adsurrexerit omnis ; 
Ut Linus haee illi, divino carmine pastor, 
Floribus atque apio crines ornatus amaro 
Dixerit: ‘* Hos tibi dant calamos, en accipe, musae, 
Ascraeo quos ante seni; quibus ille solebat 


ee 


VERGIL AND OVID. 61 


Cantando rigidas deducere montibus ornos, 
His tibi Grynei nemoris dicatur origo, 
Ne quis sit lucus, quo se plus jactet Apollo.” 
How is Aonas declined? Who is meant by Ascraeo seni ? 
The construction of crines. 


[Omit any two of the following passages.] 


4, Translate (dn. VII. 523-530) : — 


Direxere acies. Non jam certamine agresti 
Stipitibus duris agitur sudibusve praeustis ; 

Sed ferro ancipiti decernunt, atraque late 
Horrescit strictis seges ensibus, aeraque fulgent 
Sole lacessita et lucem sub nubila jactant : 
Fluctus uti primo coepit quum albescere ponto, 
Paullatim sese tollit mare et altius undas 

Erigit, inde imo consurgit ad aethera fundo. 


What had Alecto done to bring on this conflict between 
the Trojans and the Latins ? 
5. Translate (Geor. II. 61-68) : — 
Scilicet omnibus est labor impendendus, et omnes 
Cogendae in suleum ac multa mercede domandae. 
Sed truncis oleae melius, propagine vites 
Respondent, solido Paphiae de robore myrtus ; 
Plantis et durae coryli nascuntur et ingens 
Fraxinus Herculeaeque arbos umbrosa coronae 
Chaoniique patris glandes ; etiam ardua palma 
Nascitur et casus abies visura marinos. 
At whose request did Vergil write the Georgics? The 
main subject of Book II. 


6. Translate (Met. I. 244-252) :— 


Dicta Jovis pars voce probant stimulosque frementi 
Adiciunt, alii partes assensibus implent. 


62 VERGIL AND OVID. 


Est tamen humani generis jactura dolori 
Omnibus, et, quae sit terrae mortalibus orbae 
Forma futura, rogant; quis sit laturus in aras 
Tura? ferisne paret populandas tradere terras? 
Talia quaerentes, sibi enim fore cetera curae, 
Rex superum trepidare vetat, subolemque priori 
Dissimilem populo promittit origine mira. 
Explain the meaning of the first two verses. How, 
according to this myth, was the earth repeopled? 


LATIN AT SIGHT. 03 


LATIN AT SIGHT. 
1881. 


M. Atilius Regulus, cum consul iterum in Africa ex insidiis 
captus esset, duce Xanthippo Lacedaemonio, imperatore 
autem patre Hannibalis Hamilcare, juratus missus est ad 
senatum, ut, nisi redditi essent Poenis captivi nobiles quidam, 
rediret ipse Karthaginem. Is cum Romam venisset, utilitatis 
speciem videbat, sed eam, ut res declarat, falsam judicavit : 
quae erat talis: manere in patria, esse domi suae cum uxore, 
cum liberis; quam calamitatem accepisset in bello, com- 
munem fortunae bellicae judicantem, tenere consularis digni- 
tatis gradum. Itaque quid fecit? In senatum venit, mandata 
exposuit: sententiam ne diceret, recusavit ; ‘¢ quam diu jure 
jurando bostium teneretur, non esse se senatorem.”’ 


1882. 


Illa praeclara, in quibus publicae utilitatis species prae 
honestate contemnitur. Plena exemplorum est nostra res 
publica, cum saepe, tum maxime bello Punico secundo: 
quae, Cannensi calamitate accepta, majores animos habuit, 
quam unquam rebus secundis. Nulla timoris significatio, 
nulla mentio pacis. Themistocles post victoriam ejus belli, 
quod cum Persis fuit, dixit in contione, se habere consilium 
rei publicae salutare, sed id sciri non opus esse. Postulavit, 
ut aliquem populus daret, quicum communicaret. Datus est 
Aristides. Hnuie ille, classem Lacedaemoniorum, quae sub- 
ducta esset ad Gytheum, clam incendi posse: quo facto 
frangi Lacedaemoniorum opes necesse esset. Quod Aristides 
cum audisset, in contionem magna expectatione venit, dixit- 
que, perutile esse consilium, quod Themistocles afferret, sed 
minime honestum. Itaque Athenienses, quod honestum non 
esset, id ne utile quidem putaverunt: totamque eam rem, 
quam ne audierant quidem, auctore Aristide repudiaverunt. 


64 LATIN AT SIGHT. 


1883. 


Haec interposui, patres conscripti, non tam ut pro me 
dicerem, quam ut quosdam nimis ieiuno animo et angusto 
monerem, id quod semper ipse fecissem, uti excellentium 
civium virtutem imitatione dignam, non invidia putarent. 
utinam quidem illi principes viverent, qui me post meum 
consulatum, cum eis ipse cederem, principem non inviti 
videbant! hoe vero tempore in tanta inopia constantium et 
fortium consularium quo me dolore adfici creditis, cum alios 
male sentire, alios nihil omnino curare videam, alios parum 
constanter in suscepta causa permanere sententiamque suam 
non semper utilitate rei publicae, sed tum spe tum timore 
moderari? quod si quis de contentione principatus laborat, 
quae nulla esse debet, stultissime facit, si vitiis cum virtute 
contendit; ut enim cursu cursus, sic in viris fortibus virtus 
virtute superatur. tu, si ego de re publica optime sentiam, 
ut me vineas, ipse pessime senties? aut, si ad me bonorum 
concursum fieri videbis, ad te improbos invitabis? nollem, 
primum rei publicae causa, deinde etiam dignitatis tuae. 
sed si principatus ageretur, quem numquam expetivi, quid 
tandem mihi esset optatius? ego enim malis sententiis vinci 
non possum, bonis forsitan possim et libenter. 


ROMAN HISTORY. 67 


ROMAN HISTORY. 
1881. 
1. Explain the origin and nature of the Tribuneship. 


2. Give the cause, duration, and results of the struggle 
between Rome and Carthage. 


3. Give the place and manner of death of each member of 
the first Triumvirate. 


4. Mention any three writers of the Augustan age. 


1882. 
1. Give an account of the capture of Rome by the Gauls. 


2. Explain how Rome obtained and governed her first 
province. 


3. Sketch the life and character of Caius Gracechus. 


4. By what steps did Augustus become emperor? Mention 
peculiarities of his reign. 


5. Who succeeded Augustus in the first century ? 


1883. 

1. What evils did the Gracchi attempt to reform? What 
was the difference between the plans of T. Gracchus and C. 
Gracchus? Why did they fail? 

2. What were the limits of the Roman Empire at the 
death of Augustus? 


68 ROMAN HISTORY. 


3. Where were Actium, Metaurus, Zama, Pharsalia, 
Cynoscephalae? What happened at those places, and when? 

4. Explain Tribunus, Provincia, Censor, Decenvir, 
Dictator. 

5. Name in order of time the foreign enemies that Rome 
fought on Italian soil. 


GREEK GRAMMAR AND COMPOSITION. 1 


4. Translate into Greek : — 

(a) We shall besiege the city both by land and by sea. 

(b) He did not do harm" to others, because he feared 
that he might suffer harm’ himself. 

(c) ‘The hoplites will march against the king, if he encamp 
in the plain. 

(d) He said that Cyrus would have given him ten talents, 
if he had arrived before the battle. 

(e) He used-to-praise whomever he saw bravely attack- 
ing* the enemy. 


1 2 


~ > / 
KaKQ@S. éemiTideuat. 


1880. 
[All Greek words to be written with accents. ] 

1. Decline zodvs in all genders and numbers ; also vids and 
mots throughout. 

2. Give the first person singular indicative of the future 
active and aorist passive of daivw, pir€w, dxovw, tpdccw. * 

3. Analyze AvOjcecbov. 

4. Give the different constructions in which the accusa- 
tive case is used in Greek. 

5. Define crasis, enclitic, reduplication, mentioning exam- 
ples of each. 


6. Translate into Attic Greek : — 

(a) He mounted his horse, and took his javelins in his hand. 

(b) Through the middle of the city there flowed a river, 
Kydnos by name, two plethra in width. 

(c) If the general himself had occupied the right wing, 
we should have conquered the enemy (from) whom now we 
are fleeing. 

(d) He says it is well if we do-good-to all those whoever 
do-harm-to us. 

(e) If you have no chariot, why do you want a horse? 


12 GREEK GRAMMAR AND COMPOSITION. 


1881. 
[All Greek words to be written with accents. ] 

1. Decline throughout tip, ddpov, yévos, the pronoun ov, 
and the numeral ¢is. 

2. Give the synopsis (7.e., first form in every mode) of 
the first aorist active of oréAAw, the second aorist middle of 
TUOn pt. 

3. Analyze AvOeinoar. 

4, What sort of pronouns are otos and ocos? Give the 
demonstrative and interrogative pronouns corresponding. 

5. What is hiatus, and what means are used in Greek to 
avoid it? 

6. Give some rules with examples of euphonic change in 
consonants. What consonants may end a Greek word? 

Te Give a list of prepositions that take one case only. 

8. Explain, with Greek examples, the terms enclitic, coq- 
nate accusative, objective genitive, supplementary participle. 


9. With what parts of the verb is the particle av not used ? 


1. Cyrus, with his army, was besieging this city. And of 
the citizens some wished to surrender’ it, but others spoke 
against? (it). Cyrus, therefore, said that when he had taken 
the city, he should do well by’ those who spoke against sur- 
render, and exile‘ the others. 


2. If the general had wished to go, the soldiers would 
have followed (him). 


3. Let us march as quickly as possible to the river that we 
may embark upon the boats which Cyrus has given us. 


) rapadldwput. > ayTireyw. 3 €% moveiy. 4 exBadrAw. 


GREEK GRAMMAR AND COMPOSITION. 73 


1882. 
[All Greek words to be written with accents. ] 


1. Decline throughout potca, 630s, ra%s, woAvs, and the pro- 
noun ov. 

2. Give the synopsis (i.e., first form in every mode) of 
the future active of dave, the first aorist passive of AapBava, 
the perfect middle of zpacow. 

3. Analyze Avowyra. 

4. What sort of pronoun is 6s? what dors? Give Greek 
examples of demonstrative, reciprocal, reflexive, and pos- 
sessive pronouns. 

5. What is crasis? Give an example. 

6. What is meant by attraction in connection with relative 
clauses ? 

7. What are the four most common forms of conditional 
sentences, with the differences of meaning? 

8. In what two ways is prohibition expressed in Greek? 


9. ‘*He asked who were present.’’ In what different 
ways may ‘‘ who were present’’ in this sentence be expressed 
in Greek? 


10. Mention the chief uses of the infinitive mode. 


1. And Orontes, a Persian gentleman, conspires against! 
Cyrus. He said to Cyrus that, if he would give him a thou- 
sand horsemen, he would either cut to pieces* or take alive 
the hostile horsemen. And Cyrus directed him to take a 
part (of the number) from each of the generals. And he 
writes a letter to the king that he was coming with® as many 
horsemen as possible. This letter he gives to a faithful per- 


l eriBovAcvo. 2 kaTakTelvw. 3 — having. 


74 GREEK GRAMMAR AND COMPOSITION. 


son, as he thought. And he having taken (it), gives (it) to 
Cyrus. . 

2. I was the first to announce to him that Cyrus was 
making an expedition against him. 


3. Let us provide ourselves with arms, and go up on the 
mountain. 


4. If we had besieged that city, we should have taken it. 


1883. 
[All Greek words to be written with accents. ] 


1. Decline throughout dpyy, xelp, retxos, Svvayus 5 also dots. 

2. Analyze AvOapev. 

3. What uses of the genitive are illustrated in the follow- 
ing examples: zodAol trav “AOnvaiwy, —vopicpa apytpov, — 6 
poBos Tav Toeuiwv, — TpLdv TpLEp@v dds ? 

4, Explain, with Greek examples, the terms proclitic, 
potential optative, verbal adjective. 

5. Give the comparative and superlative of péAas, peéyas, 
moXus. 

6. Write the synopsis (7.e. first form of every mode) of 
the perfect middle of Avo, the first aorist active of ocréAXo, 
the second aorist passive of daivu. 

7. Where found and from what presents are etAoyv, 
HAAGXOnv, eypyyopa.. 

8. State the difference in meaning between pi) rovro 
romans and pi) TovTo woupweas ; between éeornv and eoryoa. 

9. Name the classes into which verbs are divided accord- 
ing to the form of the present stem, with an example under 
each. 


1. The citizens chose Kyros (to be) general out of many 
(candidates), (one) of whom was the brother of Kyros. 


GREEK PROSE. fai 


> fal fal lal BA ’ Va 4 > / 
avTots TOUS VOY OiKOL AaKAIpovs TONTEVOVTAS evOdSE KopL- 
/ / Cee te ’ \ / “ ” / 
camévous tovalovs opay. adAa yap, @ avdpes, TavTa 
fal fel ev fal / / 
TavTa Tuyaba Sirov OTL TOY KpaTovYTMY eT. 


Construction of éf0v, of zAovclous, of rév KparovvTwv. 
’ ’ Pp 


4. Translate (Xen. An. IV. 5, 12f.) :— 
> ’ \ lal / / \ \ \ 
epelTrovTo dé TOY TONELIOY oUVELAEYMEVOL TIVES KaL TA 
\ / a > / va \ >. / >’ / 
pn Suvdpeva TOV UTrotuyiwy hptafov Kal adrAndoLS eua- 
YovTo Tepl avT@y. €NElToVTO bE TOY TpPAaTLWTO@Y ot TE 
/ e \ a / \ > \ vA id \ 
SuePOappévor U7r0 Tis yLovos Tovs OpOardmovs ot TE v7 
cal / \ / lal a Ve 
Tov Wuyous Tovs SaxTUAoUs THY Today aTroTETNTOTES. 
= A 5) a , aA , 
Fw O€ Tots péev OPOarpols emiKovpnua THs yYLOvos El TLS 
/ yd \ lal ’ a > / a x 
pédav TL Eywy TpoO TOV OpOarpav ErropeveTo, TOY Oé 
cr y an A 
Too@y €l TLy KLVOITO Kal fNEéTTOTE HoVYlay ExXoL Kal EL THY 
4 / 
VUKTA UTONVOLTO. 


Construction of rots d¢OaApovs, of rHv roddv (before et Tis). 
Explain the last four words of the passage. 


5. Translate (#/dt. VIL. 120) : — 
/ \ = 
évOa 67) Meyaxpéovtos avdpos 'ABSnpitew Eros ed eipn- 
¢ , / 

peévov é€yéveto, 0s auveBovrevce “ABSnpitnat mavdnpel 

> \ \ a > , > \ / (ey. 
auTous Kal yuvaixas €NOovtas és Ta ohéTEpa ipa ier Oar 

n an \ / 
ixétas TOV Oea@v, TapaLTeopévous Kal TO NoLTroV ode aTTAaLU- 
lal lal / lal 
VELY TOV ETLOVTOV KAKOV TA MLLTEA, TOV TE TAPOLYOMéevOV 
Wy it — 
éxew oht peyadnv xapiv, OTe Bacireds FépEns ov bis 
r / / 5) 
EKATTNS HLEpNS Evopice Titov aipéecOar* Trapéyew yap av 
/ ig lal a 
"ABSnpitnct, et Kal dpioTov TpoEeipnto opoia TO SelTVM 
x \ — 

mapacKkevatery, 1) wn vTouévery ZépEea eriovta, 1) KaTa- 
peivavtas KakioTa TavToy avOpeToy SiaTpiBivat. 


Mark the variations from the Attic dialect. Subject of 
éxe and of wapéyev. Where was Abdera? 


(8 GREEK PROSE. 


1877. 
[Any two of the following passages may be omitted. ] 


1. Translate (Xen. An. I. 6, 9): — 
\ rn rT. 3 cr rn € x > \ 
mpos tavta Kipos eime tots trapodow: O pev avnp 
fal / n lal \ fal 
ToLavTa pev TETTOLNKE, TOLAUTA Oé Neyer? Uuov Sé TU TPA- 
i Yr / / ti o 
tos, ® KrXéapxe, arrodnvar yvounv 6 Te cou Soxet. KyYE- 
be o 10 5S , 3. SN \ ” a 
apyos Sé eime Tdde* LuuBovrevw éy@ Tov avdpa TovTOV 
éxTrodwp TroveicOar ws TayioTa, @s punKéTe bén TOTO 
/ b) \ \ a Ld PRY a) ‘ \ fa > 
gurattecOal, adrAa TKXOAN 7) Huy TO KATA TOUTOY Eival 
\ > \ }- / 5 lal \ a 
tovs €OeXovTas Pidovs TovTOUS Ev TroLEiV. peTa TAUTA 
ys a sok a \ / 
Kerevovtos Kupou édraBov ris Covns tov “Opovtny ert 
5 fal \ 
Oavdtw dmavtes avactavtes* eita bé é&fyov avTov ois 
TpooeTay On. 


Point out the indirect question. Why drdédyva, and not 


dropinva Or adropyvac? Construction of Gévys and of the ante- 
cedent of ois. 


2. Translate (Xen. An. II. 6, 6):— 
a 5 / lal > \ ” 3 

Tabta ovv didotrodéuov por doKel avdpos épya eivas, 
cA 1 \ > / ” ” > VAs \ / 
doris eEov perv eipnvny eye dvev aicyvyns Kal BaBns 
aipeitar Trodepelv, eEov de ypnuata eyew axiwdbvas aipel- 
Tal TOMPOV pEelova TATA Troveiy* exeivos bé WaTrEp Ets 

x a 

mavdika 7) eis adAAnv Tiva Hdovnv HOEXe Satravady eis 
TONE LOD. 


Construction of é&v. Of whom is this character given? 


3. Translate (Xen. An. III. 3, 1):— 
/ / > wt \ >’ / tA 
TovTov AexOévTwv avéctnoay, Kai ameOovTes KaTe- 
\ \ nr a ei 
Kaov Tas Gpdtas Kal Tas oKnVas, TOY Sé TEpLTT@Y OTOU 
te s 
pev S€é0tTd Tis peTedidotay adAXnXOLS, TA SE AA Els TO 


Tip éppimtovy. TadTa TouoavTes npioToTOLODYTO. apt- 


GREEK PROSE. 79 


/ \ ’ lal ” / / \ e a 
oToTrotoupéveay S€ aitav épyerat MiOpidarns ody tarred - 
\ > 
TW WS TplaKOVTa Kal KaNETapEVOS TOUS OTpaTHYoUS Els 
e 5 Cala a , 
€myKoov Neyer WOE* . . . EL OY OPONY Twas TwTHpLOV TL 
/ ». x \ e ta) \ \ / 
Bovrevopevous, ENowwt av Tpos Upmas, Kal Tovs OEpatrov- 
i / / Ages 
Tas Tavtas éxwv. RéEaTE ody Tpos pe, Ti ev VO EyeETE. 
Construction of rév repirrGv. What other form is there of 
érov? What custom is implied by dvéornoay, and in what 
1 
tense is the verb? 


4, Translate (Xen. An. IV. 6, 4):— 
\ lal ’ / e \ \ Pgs SX / 
feTa TOUTOS eTopevOnaav éErTa aTAaOpors, ava TéVTE 
na \ la) > 
Tapacayyas THs npépas, Tapa Tov Paci ToTapov, edpos 
TreOpiatov. Xeipicodos 6 eel Kateide Tovs Troremlovs 
lel nr fe / 
éml TH UmepBorn eravcaTo Tropevouevos, amréxwov eis 
TplidKkovTa aTadious, iva pi) KATA Képas aywv TANCLATYH 
lal / / \ x lal ” / 
Tots ToNEMlols * Trapyyyerre O€ Kal Tos adrOLS TaparyeLy 
/ 0 * 
TOUS NOYXOUS, OWS ETL Hdrayyos yévoLTO TO FTPaTEUpLA. 
Construction of rs qepas. Value of the plethron and 


stadion in our measures. Where was the ®aais? Is Xeno- 
phon right in naming it here? 


5d. Translate (Hdt. VI. 107) :— 
/, c rn / “ an cal \ an 
Kat ot Tavta dvémovTe éemdOe mrapeiy Te Kal BEL 
LU Ay ae. 2 te e \ / ye n O7 
peCovas 7) ws eabee, ota 6€ mpecButépw eovte THY OddovTwV 
¢t a > / / ee a a b v, > / 
Ol TAEUVES ETELOVTO. TOUTMY Ov Eva TOV OdOVTMV eKBAX- 
\ / \ nr 
New UTrO Bins BnEas+ éxmecovTos O€ és THY Wappov avTod, 
> / \ \ 3 lal € \ >’ , / / 
ETOLEETO TOAANVY GTTOVONV e€eupetv* ws O€ OvUK epaiveto 
rite \ 
ol 0 d0wy, avactevatas cite Tpos To’s Tapactatas: “H 
a , , 
yi} Noe ovK Hperépy atl, dé piv Svyncdpeba troyerpinv 
momaacGat: oKocov O€ Ti por pépos peTHV, 0 ddwv 
PETEXEL. 
Point out the dialectic forms, giving the Attic equivalent 


in each case. Of whom is this story told, and what led him 
to make the remark ? 


80 GREEK PROSE. 


1878. 


{Any two of the passages may be omitted.] 


1. Translate (Xen. An. I. 5, 8) :— 

évOa 5n pépos te THs edtaklas Fv Oedcacbar. pirvavtes 
yap Tovs Toppupods Kavdus Orrov Etvyxev ExacTos écTNKOS, 
fevTo WaTrep dv Spapoe Tis Tepl vikns Kal pada KaTa 
mpavovs yndodhou, ExovTes TovTOUS TE TOUS TroUTEETS 
YLT@vas Kal Tas ToLKiras avatupioas, Eviot Sé Kal oTpET- 
TOUS TEpl Tois TpayyroOLS Kai Wédva TrEpl Tals yepoiv* 
evOds 8 ody TOUTOLS ElaTrNOnTaYTES Els TOV THAOV OaTTOV 
7) OS TLS av WETO METEw@pous eEEKOpicay Tas audEas. 

Give the present of dpayzo, and the comparison of @4arrov. 
Explain the euphonic changes in @arrov. Point out the pred- 
icate adjective in this sentence. 


2. Translate (Xen. An. II. 5, 16) :— 
’ ’ WA / 5 6 / b ee / 
GX Hoouat pév, © Kréapye, axovwy cou dpovipous 
an \ 
Aoyous* TadTa yap yryvwecKkwy el TL Ewol KaKoV BovreEvots, 
lal n / 5 
awa dy poe Soxets Kal cavT® Kakovovs eivat. ws 8 ay 
/ e/ 9o) XN ig lal / DA a b' a | > \ 
Bans, STL ov av wpets Sixaiws ovTE Bacirel ovT enol 
>) x lal / 
aTlaToinTe, avTdKoVaOV. Ee yap vas éBovdopeba aTro- 
/ / / a ¢ / / > cr XK 
Aécar, TWOoTEpa cor Soxovpev imméwy mAROoVS atropety 1) 
fal xv. (he / 
TeECOV 7) OTALTEWS ; 
What use of the participle is seen in dxovwv? To what 
does dv (the one after dua) belong? Construction of po/, of 


kakovous, and of wAxous. 


3. Translate (Xen. An. III. 2, 9) :— 
lal \ / ’ n / / > / , 
TOUTO O& NéyovTos avTOD TTapvuTal Tis* aKxovcavTes 8 
lal tg a / \ / 
of OTPATL@TAL TaVTES MLA OpLH TpoceKYYnaaY Tov ODeor, 


yall | an > Lal 5 ” BJ \ \ 
Kal Revoparv eizmre, Aoxet por, @ avopes, €mrel mept TwTn- 


GREEK PROSE. 81 


/ id fal / > \ lal \ rn nq > r2 

plas nua@v NEyOVT@Y, Olwvos TOD Atos TOD TawTHpos épavn, 
A a , ° 3 A 

evEacbat TO Dew TOUTW OUcEW TwTpLa OTrOV av TPwTOV 
> f fe / 4 a 
els dirlav ywpav adixwopmeba, cvverrevEacOat bé Kal Tos 
»”. Lad / i a \ ev nw lal , 
a@dXots Oeois Ovoew Kata Svvapww. Kal 6Tw doKel TAdT, 
épy, avaTevaTw THY yElpa. Kal avéTeway aravTEes. eK 

4 
Tovtou evEarvTo Kal érralavicar. 


Reason for the subjunctive in adixopeba. Construction of 
ypov. Construction of the antecedent of dr. 


4. Translate (Xen. An. IV. 4, 15) :— 

> an vy \ to / ” 

evTed0ev éTreprav vuxtos Anpuoxpatny Tepevitny avdpas 
LU > 
dovtes éml ta dpyn, &0a Epacay of amocKedavyipevot 
Kabopav Ta Tupa* ovTOS yap édoKeL Kal TpOTEpoy Tora 
x ’ a a \ ” e BY \ \ \ 
on adnOedoat ToLadTa, Ta OVTA TE WS OVTA Kal TA PH 
” e > ” \ N \ \ \ > ” 
dvTa @S OvK OYTAa. ‘TropevOeis SE TA pev TrUPAa ovK Edn 
ideiy, dvdpa bé cvdANaBov HKev aywv Exovta ToEov Llep- 

/ 

oikov Kal dapétpay Kal cayapw, oiavTep ai ’“Apmafoves 
” > / \ \ \ v / \ by4 
éyovow. épwT@pevos dé TO TodaTros ein, Ilépons pév Eby 
S / >) ’ us n / Ji 
eival, TropeverOa & amo Tod TipiBafov otpatevpatos, 
a > / He 
Omws émiTHdera NaBot. 


Construction of vuxrés. To what does 76 belong? Reason 
for the optative in «ij and in AdBou. 


5. Translate (Plato Apol. Soc., 39 A.) :— 

\ \ ? a / / a / ef U 
Kal yap év Tais wayats ToANaKLS SHAOV ylyveTat OTL TO 
> a ” b] / \ <4 > \ \ 3 , 
ye amodavety av tis éxpvyou Kal Orda adeis Kal éd 
c / / al f / 
iKeTELaY TpaTropevos TOY SiwKoVT@Y* Kal ANAL pnyavai 

’ >? ¢ / na / ef / / 
elow év ExdoTOLsS Tots KLVOvVOLS WaTE Stahevyety OdvaTor, 
7 a an A \ 7 5) \ \ ’ ne} 
€ay TLS TOAMA Tay Trolely Kal NEYELY. GANG f1) OU TOUT 
5 \ 9 , = \ \ 
7 XareTTOV, @ avodpes, Oavatov éxdpuyeiv, AANA TOD 
/ an a \ 
Yarerw@tepov tovnpiav: Oattov yap Oavarov Get. Kat 
a Diss \ ef \ x \ / e \ a 
vov éy@ pev, ate Bpadvs ov Kal mpecBuvTys, UTO TOU 


82 GREEK PROSE. 


Bpadurépov édrov, of & eol Katyyopor, ate Sewol Kat 
> fal % ig fal fal ‘f 
o€eis dvtes, UO TOD OaTTOVOS, THs KaKias. 

What shows the mode of roAwa? What is understood 


before px? Construction of yxaXerdérepov and of zovnpiav. 
Present of éddwv. 


1879. 
[Any two of these passages, with their questions, may be omitted.] 


1. Translate (Xen. An. I. 6, 8) :— 
> e ra ’ n a \ 
Ti obv, bn o Kopos, abixnbeis tr’ éuod viv TO TpiTov 
b] UA \ / > / \ an? / 
eruBovrevwyv por pavepos yéyovas ; EltrovTos dé TOD "Opov- 
ef > \ > \ > / c lal > / ¢ 
Tov OTL ovdev AadLKNOEls Hp@TnaEV 0 Kdpos avdtov, ‘Oporo- 
a s Nig Ny a “! \ > / ” 
ryels ody Trepl ewe ddiKos yeyevricbar; °H yap avayKn, &pn 
ey , > 4 / > / e rn v io 
o Opovtns. €x TovTov Tadd HpwTynaev 0 Kipos,” Ere ody 
av yévolo TH ued adeAP@ Troréutos, ewot b€ Piros Kal 
c i 7 5S lal 
TLrTOS ; 0 O€ amEKplvaTo OTL OVO Ei yevoimny, @ Kdpe, cot 
/ 
y av tote ére doEarp. 


What were the previous cases referred to in 76 tpirov? 


2. Translate (Xen. An. II. 3, 23) :— 
rn » Tal "S n 
érel dé Kodpos TéOvnkev, ov Te Bacirel avTiTovovpeba TAS 
> a ee Tae of (a4 (4 i > oN \ 4 
apyns ovT éatw OTov évexa BovdroipeP av THv Bacihéws 
n a ’ x a 
YOpav KAKO Trolety, OVS avTOY arroKTElvat dv éOéroLpED, 
/ > oN ” 1] ec a \ f b) a 
mopevoimeba & ay oixabe, el TLs HMas 7) NUTTOLN* AdLKOdV- 
, \ al a rd 
Ta pévTot Teipacopeba ody Tots Oeois auvvacbat, éav mévToL 
a 5 A , 2 
Tis Has Kal Ev ToLoY UTdpyy, Kal TovTOV els ye SUvapmLY 
avy NTTHTOpEla Ed TroLoDYTES. 


3. Translate (Xen. An. III. 4, 10, 12) : — 
evted0ey érropevOncav otaOmov eva, Tapacayyas é&, 
TMpos TEelyos Epnwov pméya pos TOA KElwevov* dvoua dé 


GREEK PROSE. 83 


a / an / > 
Ww TH Tore Méotrirta*: Mijdoe 8 avdtijy Twote @Kovy. Hv 
dé ) wev Kpntis AOou Eectod KoyyuNLaTov, TO edpos Trev- 
a \ ¢ 

THKOVTA TOO@Y Kal TO UYvos TevTHKOVTA. TaUvTHY O€ THY 
modw TrodtopKav oO Ilepara@v Bacireds ovK edvvaTO ovTE 

, © ral ” / = TT, \ 8 b] / an \ 
xpove édety ovte Bia’ Levs 6 €uBpovtyntrovs srovet Tovs 
EVOLKODYTAS Kal OUTWS EAO. 

What was the length of the parasang? What meanin 

bo) 

has ypovw here? Of what ancient city were these the ruins? 
What historical error in Myjdo.? 


4. Translate (Plat. Apol. 11, 13) :— 
A \ / 

évvono@pev S€ Kal THOSE, WS TOAX éATris Eat ayabov 
SE ae > ta] \ / 4 > \ / om \ 
avTo eivat. Svoty yap Odtepov éote TO TEOvavar* 1) yap 
e \ 5 > yy be \ ” \ 
oioy pndev eivar, und aicOnow pndeplav pndevos exer TOV 

a , Ss 

TeOvewTa, 1) KATA TA NEYOMEVa peTAaBOAr TLS TUyyavEL OVTA 

\ / fal an n / fa) a / J ” 
Kal meToiknots TH uy TOU TOToU TOU evOEvde Eis GXXOV 
/ \ ” / v / > > > i A 
ToTrov. Kal cite pndeuta aicOnois éotiv, AAN oiov Uirvos 
> / "6 > v \ ig n / 
erreloay Tis Kabevdov pnd dvap pndev opa, Oavpacrov 
4 Xx ” e / > ’ 5 ® b) an / 
Képdos av ein 0 Oavatos. ... €¢ & av oiov arrodnuncat 

€ / an 

éativ 0 Oavatos évOévde eis GdXOV TOTOV Kal adnOA éoTe 
Ta AEyopeva, OS apa exe? eioly AtravTes of TEeOvEdTES, TL 

a b] \ , ” LY Sy ak / 
petCov ayabov TovTou ein dv, ® avopes StkacTal; 


How is the first conclusion, davpdcuov .. . Oavaros, proved? 
How the second, ri... dv? 


5. Translate (dt. VII. 188):— 

c \ \ rn rn lal ev \ an /- ’ 
ai pev 6) TpO@Tar TOY vEeaY Hppmeov pos yh, adrar 6 

’ / lal fa 
em éxelvnot én ayKupéwy: aTE yap TOD aiytadod écvToOs 

te 

ov pmeydXou, TpoKpoTcat wWppéorTO és TOVTOV Kal érl OKTM 
/ / \ \ ’ / ec cd \ Vv > 
véas. TavTHy pev THY Evpporvny oUT@* awa Oe dpOpe, && 
> / \ , a / / > / / 
aiOpins Te Kal vynvemwins THs Oaracons Cecdons, éwérecé 

/ / \ \ / 
opt YElLo@V TE MEyaS Kal TOADS AVEMoS aTHNALWTNS, TOV 


84 GREEK PROSE. 


Ay C / / e \ nr N: / > 
6) EXAnotovtTinv KaX€ovot ol TEPL TAUTA Ta KwPla oLKN- 
, lal lal / » \ Y 
pévot. Ocoe pev viv alt@v av&opevov Cuabov Tov avepmov, 
A ¢ 5 = , an 
Kal Toict oUTw eye Oppov, oi S EfOncav Tov yetmava 
\ / an 
dvacTacavTes Tas véas, Kal aUTOL Te TEPLnTAaVY Kal ai véES 
> fal s A \ A A ‘ »- \ \ ’ / 
avTov"’ Ocas O€ THY vEedy peTapalas EXaBeE, Tas pév €&E- 
\ , \ / \ > t \ \ ? 
dhepe pos Imvods Kadeopévous Tors év IInAl@, Tas € és 
\ / 
TOV aiytadov. 


Where did this event take place? 


[Begin a new page of the writing paper. ] 
GRAMMAR QUESTIONS ON THE FOREGOING. 


1. Construction of ddixybe’s (line 1). Complete the sen- 
tence 7 yap dvayxn. To what verb does the negative in otd€ 
belong? 

2. Construction of Bacirei, of ris dpxns, and of rovrov. 
What other form of 6rov exists? What is the construction 
of the antecedent of drov? What two forms of condition are 
illustrated in this passage ? 

3. Construction of 77 zoX«, AMov, wodGv. Where is édo 
found, and from what present? 

4. Explain the form @arepov, the attraction in évOévde (line 
5), the accent of ear. 

5. Make a list of the Ionic forms, with the corresponding 
Attic in each case. Point out the two supplementary parti- 
ciples. Where does the apodosis of the relative clause dou 
pev xTA. begin? 


1880. 


[Any two passages may be omitted.] 


1. Translate (Xen. An. I. 4, 11):— 
\ rR / \ \ a ¢ 
kat Kdpos petatreprpapevos Tovs atpatnyous Tov EX- 
/ »- ed c eqs ” \ / / ’ 
Anvev EXeyev OTL O05 ExoLTO TPOS BaTiNéa péeyav ELS 


GREEK PROSE. 85 


BaBvrova’ cal rerever adtods eye TadTAa Tols oTpa- 
TL@Tals Kal avaTreiGew ErecOar. of dé ToLnoavTEs ExKAN- 
clay amiyyedXov TavTa* of 6€ oTpaTidTaL éyadérraLvov 
Tois oTpaTnyois, Kat Epacay avTovs Tddat TadT’ EiddTas 
KpUTTELY, Kal OvK Ehacay tévat ea pun} TLS ALTOIS YpypwaTa 
6160, OoTEp Kal Tots TpoTépots peta Kvpov avaBadcr wapa 
Tov Tatépa Tov Kupov, cal TadtTa ovK eri payny lovTov 
a\Xa KAaNOdYTOS TOD TaTpdOs Kdpov. 

What would be the forms used in direct discourse for écouro 
and iévac? What would be the usual indirect form for éay 
... 669? Construction and subject of isvtav. 


2. Translate (Xen. An. IL. 4, 6): — 
\ >] ’ / \ yy ” e fal ’ yA 
ToTamos © ef pév Tis Kai AdXNos apa Hiv éote SiaBartéos 
\ > bs / 
ovK olda* Tov 8 oby Kvdpatny oidapev 6Tt advvatoy bva- 
fal / / =) oy / Xv / / 
Bijvat Kodvoytwv Toreulwv. ov pév 61, dv wayerOai ye 
/ id lal e lal / an nr 
dé, im7reis eiow Huiv Evppayot, THv O€ ToNEiwy imrets 
elow ot TEtoTOL Kal TAELaTOU AELOL* HoTE VLK@VTES [eV 
i ® 
Tiva av atroxTelivaimev ; TT@MEVOV Se Ovdéva OldY TE 
owOjvat. 


Construction of #piv (line 1), of tov Eidparnv. What is 
the condition of dv drokretvayrev ? Expand HTT OLEVvov into 
a conditional clause. : 


3. Translate (Xen. An. III. 4, 19) :— 

évOa 67 of "EXXAnves Eyvooay OTe Talcov icoTeEUpoOV 
movnpa Takis ein TroNeioy Erromevwv. ... rel dé TadTA 
éyvwoay ol atpaTnyol, eToiocavto €E NOyous ava éxaTOov 
avopas, Kai Noxayovs eréaTtHoay Kal GdrovS TEVTNKOVTH- 
pas kal adXous EVM MLOTAPYAS. outou 6é TOPEVOMLEVOL Ob 
oxaryol, oTOTE pév TUYKUTTTOL TA KépaTta, UTéwevon oTeE- 
pol, WATE [1) EVOXAEiY TOIs Képact, TOTE be Tapiryov &EwbeEv 


86 GREEK PROSE. 


a / id / \ / id \ lal 
TOV KEepaTwV. oTroTE Oé SidoxoLEY ai TAEUpal Tod TraL- 
’ \ ‘ , 
alov, TO gécov avekeTripTAacay, EL “ev TTEVOTEPOY Ein TO 
\ , fal 
dvéxov, KATA NOYoOuS, Ef OE TAATUTEPOV, KATA TrEVTNKOTTDS, 


> \ / , ’ > / 
ef 6€ Tavu TAaTU, KaT évwporias. 


What were the disadvantages of the zAafo.ov iodmXevpov? 
Describe the different formations indicated by xara Adxous, 
Kata TrevTnKooTUs, Kat évwpotias. In what tense, and from 
what present, is éeréornoav? Peculiarity of form in creve- 


TEpovV. 


4. Translate (Xen. An. IV. 3, 10): — 
\ ’ an na an , r , 
Kal aploToOvT’ TO Fevopovtt tpocétpeyov dvo veavi- 
” ¢ / al rn 
oK@' noecav yap TavTes OTL eEEin aVTO Kal aptoTovTL 
nr lal , / / 
Kal devrvovvTt TpocedOety Kal, et Kabevdot, éreyeipavTa 
a a \ \ U 
el7retv, €l Tis TL ENOL THY TpOS TOV TrONEMOV. .. . EK- 
, aia, ” \ > / \ e 
duvtes 8 Epacay ExyovTes Ta eyyerpidia yupvol ws vev- 
, / / \ / a 
copmevo. SvaBaivery * ropevopevoe d€ mpocbev dvaBhvat 
a \ > C= A 
mpl BpéEa Ta aidota. evOvs ody 0 Zevoddy avtos te 
€omrevoe Kal Tois veavicxols éeyxetv exédeve Kal evyecOat 
lal fal a \ / 
Tois pyvact Ocois Ta TE OvElpaTa Kal TOV TrOpoV, Kal TA 
Nowra ayaba émiteéoat. 


Rule for the optative in é&ey, for the accusative in éreyet- 
pavra, for the nominative in éxkdvvtes. What was the dream 
referred to? 


5. Translate (Hdt. VI. 117) :— 
/ , a / ’ al 
cuviverke O¢ avTOOL Owdpa yevéoOat ToLovde* *AOnvaiov 
v7 i gry | / \ a. U ] nr / , 
avopa Emifnrov tov Koudayopew, év TH avaTact pmayo- 
\ ‘ / an 
pevov TE Kal avopa yivopevoy ayabor, TOY Of¢paTwv cTEPN- 
° ” / - \ fal / ” / 
Ojvat, ovtTe TANYEéVTA OVEY TOD THpmaTOS OvTE BAROEVTA, 
\ \ \ nr , f by \ / la) / 
Kal TO NoLTTOV THS Cons SiaTeNéeLv aTrO TOUTOU TOD ypovov 
a7 / / \ > \ La \ a / 
€ovta TupAov. Réyeww O€ av’Toy HKovoa Tepl TOD maOeEos 


GREEK PROSE. 87 


Tovovoe TWA NOYov, avdpa of SoKéety OTALTHY aVTLOTHVAL 
péyav, TOU TO yévetoy THY aatida Tacav cKiabew* TO 62 
daca TovTo éwuTov peév trapeEeAOeiv, Tov Sb: éwuTov 
TAPACTATHY ATOKTELVAL. 

Make a list of the Ionic forms in this passage, adding in 
each case the Attic form with accents. Difference of mean- 
ing between wAnyevra and BAnbevra. 

Describe the bridge over the Hellespont. Why were not 
the Spartans present at the battle of Marathon? 


1881. 

1. Translate (Xen. An. I. 4, 8) :— 

Kipos 6& cuyxadécas Tovs ctpatnyovs eimev* atrone- 
Noltaci yuas Bevias cai Uaciwy. arr ed ye pévTot 
éemictacOwoay OTL oUTE aTrodedpdKaciy* oida yap orn 
olyovTat* ovTe atroTepevyacw: EXw yap TpLNnpELs Hare 
éXely TO exelvwy Toloy. ara pa TOs Deods ovK eywyeE 
avTtovs Si@Ew, oS Epet ovdEis, WS ya, Ews pey av Taph 
TLS, KpOpar, evrevday O€ amévat BovAnTaLl, cvANAB@Y Kal 
auTOUS KAaKOS TOW Kal TH YXpHwaTa aTOTUAO. AAA 
iovT@y, ELOOTES OTL KAaKioUS Eat TrEpl Has 7) I)pEls Teph 
€xelvous. 

What distinction does Xenophon here make between dzo- 
didpackw and dzodevyw? Why does he use pa and not vy 
before rovs O<ov’s? Rule for the mode in zap7. Where is 
idsvrev found, and from what verb? For what longer form 


does xaxkiovs stand? At what point in the march did this 
desertion take place? 


2. Translate (Xen. An. II. 3, 10) :— 
cons , , \ 5) A o / 
Kal eveTvyXavoyv Tadpots Kal avrAOaLY VdaTOS TAHpETW, 
id \ ve lal lal 
as pa) Svvacba SiaBaive dvev yedupdv* aN errovodvTo 


88 GREEK PROSE. 


/ 3 Led / NH S) , \ \ 
diaBaces €x TOV howvixwr o} heavy éxTeTTMKOTES, TOUS OE 
\ > / \ > fal r / a os 
Kat e€éxoTrTov. Kai évtad0a Av KrXéapyov Katapabeiv ws 
3 / ) \ lol > na x \ / ” , \ 
ETETTATEL, EV MEV TH AplaTEpa yeipi TO Sopu Exar, ev Oé 

nr an / By a lal 
TH deEva Baxtnpiay: Kal ei Tis avTeé doKkoin TeV TpoS 
r / / 

TOUTO TeTaypEevwvy PraKeEvELY, EKNEYOMEVOS TOV é7TLTHOELOV 
ETALTEV AV, KAL Aa AUTOS TpoTENaBavey Els TOV TOV 
a4 an 5S \ 
éuBaivovs wate Taw aloxyvyny Eivat pi) 0} TUaTFOU- 


daleuv. 


Why is there an article with ddépv but none with Baxrnypiav? 
Explain the mode in doxofy, and the mode and tense in éerawev 
av. What sort of pronoun is airos as here used? Tell what 
is known of the life and death of Klearchos. 


3. Translate (Xen. An. III. 5, 7) :— 
Sees) n \ > / 9 ” \ \ ” 9 

Kat €vtavla TON atropia Hv. EvOev péev yap Opn ty 
ig / bl x e \ rn \ / ls 
vmepu nara, évOev S& 0 ToTa“os ToTovTOs TO Babos ws 
pence Ta Sopata Urrepéxyew Teipwpévols TOD Babouvs. arro- 

/ ’ > aA , Sr eN c , > 
poupévors 8 avtois mpoceAOwv tis avip “Podsos eizev: 
a \ / 5 ” / e la) \ 
eyo Oédrw, @ avdpes, SiaBiBaocat vwas Kata TETPAKLOYL- 
Alous omNitas, av éuol wy Séopar UrnpeTHanTE Kal Tadav- 
Tov picOov Topicnte. €pwTapevos dé OToU déoLTO, aTKaY, 
4 r / 

én, Sucyirdioy Senoopar* TodkrAa 8 ope Tadta mpoBata 
Kat aiyas Kal Bods Kal dvous, & atobapéyvta Kat puon- 

, tg / x / \ / a4 \ Lc 
Oévta padios av trapéyou THY OudBaow. ... OTL pev odv 

’ / 5 Vs , ” A \ > \ , 
ov Katadvcecbe avtixa para cicesOe* Tas yap aoKos dvo 
v A fal \ lal (od \ \ b] / id 
dvopas &£ev Tod py KaTaddvat* Mate O€ pr) OMGOdvELY 7 
tAN Kal} YY} oOXITE. 


What was the ordinary length of the Greek spear? Con- 
struction of rod Badous, of pucdov, of drove. For what longer 
form does érov stand? Explain the mode in déuro,. How 
may the gender of & be accounted for? 


GREEK PROSE. 89 


4. Translate (Xen. An. IV, 6, 17) :— 
> \ \ / vv © = a c/ / > \ ’ 
éy@ pev Tolvuy, py 0 Zevodav, Erowpos ele Tovs ome- 
4 ” e 
cbodvrakas éyor, eredav SevTvjcoper, (évar KaTadpo- 
» » / rn 
Mevos TO Opos. exw O€ Kal NyEMovas* ot yap yupViTeEs 
. > / c al lal »”- / > yd 
Tov épeTropéevwy ijnpiv KoTa@v éEXaBcv Tas évedpevcav- 
/ ef » , ey 
Tes* Kal TovT@y TuvOdvopat, OTL ovK aBaToOV éoTL TO Gpos, 
/ e 7 
adda véuetar aiEi kal Bovaiv: wate, édvTep dTaE AaGBo- 
/ aM \ \ a e / ” DS / 
fév TL TOV Opovs, Bata Kat Tos VTrotuyios EcTaL. EdXTISH 
a »>O\ \ / a 4 } \ > ¢ n 3 
dé oVSE TOUS ToAEuloUS peEvely ETL, ETELOdY idwoLty Huds ev 
oy x a > \ lal b) lal] é WY: \ la) 20EX B / 
TO Of@olw éTl TOY AKpO@V* OVE yap Vo €OéXoVGL KaTaBail- 
an > \ 
vEelvy HpLiv Els TO icov. 


Explain the mode in damvjcopev. Present and perfect of 
kataAnWouevos. Construction of rovtov; of nyiv. How did 
Xenophon come to be in command? Who else was associ- 
ated with him? 


[This may be substituted for 3 and 4 above.] 


5. Translate (//dt. VI. 104) :— 


ot 


s / a ¢ > 
Hryov O€ aheas otpatnyol Séka, TOV Oo SéxaTos Av Midte- 
/ lal \ / / \ / }- 
aéns, ToD Tov Tatépa Kipova tov Xtncayopew KaTéraBe 
A > a / y \ c / 
ghuyetv €& “AOnvéwy Llevcictpatov tov “Immoxpateos. 
\ 4% , c = aA 
ovTos 67) wy ToTE O Murtiddys, Heov ex THs Keprovncov 
N. 993, \ le / > rs ? / 
Kal extrehevyws Sitoov Oavatov, éotpatnyce “AOnvaiwy * 
oe / \ € / > \ id > / / 
dua pév yap of Poivixes aitov oi émidim€avtes péxpe 
"Tu8pov, mrept todXod éerrovedvTO AaBEty TE Kal avayayety 
\ / oe \ > / / \ > , 
mapa Baciiéa* dua bé expuyovTa TE TOVTOUS Kal aTrLKO- 
pevov €s THY éavTod, SoKéovTa TE Eivat Ev GwTHpPlyn ON, TO 
> la) / etd \ € / \ e \ / 
evOedTév pv of €yOpoi UTrodeEapevor Kal UO SiKacTHpLov 
\ / ms = 
avTov ayayovtes €dlwEav Tupavvidos Ths év Xepcovicov. 
\ v6 ¢ 
atopuywyv o€ Kal TovToUs, oTpaTnyos ovTw ‘AOnvaiwy 
’ / e \ e \ r / 
atredéyOn, aipeeis v7ro Tod Sijpov. 


0 GREEK PROSE. 


Make a list of the Ionic forms in this passage, adding in 
each case the Attic form, with accents. Where was Imbros? 
Construction of éwurod ; of rupavvides. 


1882. 


1. Translate (Xen. An. I. 3, 20) :— 
” lal \ By a : / \ / / 
édofe tadta, kai avdpas édopevor civ Kredpyw méu- 
* a \ 4 A a 
Tovow, ot npwtwv Kipov ta d0€avta tH otpatid. o 8 
5) / o > s a) , 5) \ ” 9 N A 
atrexpivato, 0Tt axovot ABpoxopav, éyOpov avdpa, érl TO 
> / a a b / / / 
Etvdpatn wotaye@ eivat, améyovta dw@dexa atabmovs* 
rn 5 u 4 ra > lal 
mpos TovTov ovv én BovrecOat eOeiv: Kav pev H Exel, 
\ / ” / > a > a x \ / e a 
thy dikny pn ypntew eriOeivar avta, nv Sé pevyy, tpets 
nr \ r / / lal 
éxel Tpos TaVTa Bovrevoopefa. axovaoayTes bE TAadTA ot 
Na f- ° a al \ e / 
aipeTol amayyédXovat Tols oTpaTLwTais* Tois dé Vrow ia 
\ > ve v \ / [24 ee / ig 
Mev av, OTL ayer Tpos Baciréa, Gpws dé EdoKEr ErecOat. 
Construction of ra dd€avra. Rule for mode in dxovor. 
Form of condition in jv 6@ ... BovrAevoopefa. Where did 
Cyrus die? Date of his expedition. 


2. Translate (Xen. An. I. 4, 15) :— 
\ lal » sf cal 
peta Oé TO Setrrvoy ETVXOV ev TEplTTaT@ OVTES TPO TOV 
¢ Loos f lal ‘ 
omAwv IIpd£evos nai Zevopov: cal tpoceav avOpwrros 
? , \ , na xX ” / x 
Tis NpwTnae Tos TpodvraKas Tod av idor IIpoEevoy 1 
= = - , rN 
KyXéapyov: émel dé Upokevos eimev OTe avtos eipe ov 
an 5 co» , wT / ’ A \ 
tnteis, eimev 0 dvOpwtros Tade* “Ereprpé pe ’Aptaios Kal 
’ + a 5 , 
’Aptaofos, muctol dvtes Kipw kai vpiv edvot, Kai Kedev- 
¢. \ ig lal ’ lal a \ € / 
ovat duraTTecOat, wn vpiv emLOdVTaL THs vUKTOS ot Bap- 
a / 
Bapor éote O€ otpdTevpa ToAV év TO WANTlov Tapa- 
\ a / nr 
declaw. Kal emt tHv yépupav tov Tiypntos mrotapov 
ig al \ nr 
méurpat Kedevovot duvrakyv, ws dtavoetrat avTIY NDcaL 
a / / \ n > ’ 
Ticcadépyns Tis vuxtos, éav SvvnTat, Ms pw SiaBiTE adr 
> / > A r fal \ fal / 
év peop uTodnpOijte Tov ToTapmov Kal THs OLwWpUYoS. 


GREEK PROSE. 91 


Construction of 73 vuxrds ; of tAyoiov. Which of the par- 
ticiples in this passage are circumstantial and which supple- 
mentary? Sketch the life and character of Proxenos. 


3. Translate (Xen. An. III. 4, 34) : — 
gat > 4 ” , Py = > , a / 
nvika & Hv non Seid, W@pa NV aATTLEVaL TOLS TroNELLOLS * 
lal / n 
ovUTOTE yap peloy aTrectpaTtoTredevovTo of BapBapor Tod 
€ fal Md \ rn \ 
EdAnvixod éEijxovta ctadiwv, poBovpevoe fn THs vUKTOS 
ted Sy lal b] fal \ \ / ,’ 
ot EXAnves eriOa@vtat avtots. Tovnpoyv yap vuKTos éoTe 
, ed * a 
atpatevpa Ilepovxov: of Te yap (mot avtois débevTat Kat 
c > \ \ \ wi > \ fal \ / iA > 
@S ETL TO TON TreTTOdLT EVOL Elal TOD pn pevyerv Evexa Et 
/ » NF A / / /, lal > / \ 
Avoeinaay, eav TE Tis OopuBos yiyvynrat, Set ericaEar Tov 
iv / > \ \ a A \ / 
imtrov Ilépon avdpi kat yadivacar Set cal Owpaxicbévta 
a \ tf lal , 
avaPivat éri Tov inmov. Ttadta b€ TavTa yadeTA VUK- 
Top Kal GopvBovu ovTos. 


Construction of rod “EAAnvixotd; of oradiov. What other 
case would be more usual than dvdp¢ in such a connection? 
What distance is indicated by é€jxovra oradiwv ? 


4. Translate (Xen. An. IV. 5, 7) — 
> r \ \ I fa td - ef. ) / \ 
evtevbev dé THY eTTLodcayv npépayv OAnV étropevovTO Sia 
a , / — 
xXLOvos Kal TOOL TOY avOpwrov éBovrimiacay. Fevo- 
5 rn \ 
dav 0 oricOopurakay Kal KaTarapBavwv Tovs wlrtov- 
lal ’ , > / id S / ” > \ \ 
Tas Tov avOpwrwr ryvoet 6, TL TO TAOS ein. érrecdn Se 
> ral r / ev fal rf 
€iTE TLS AUTM TOY EuTre(pwy OTL capas BovApiadct, Kav 
/ \ \ , 

Te PayWoW, UvaTTHOOVTAL, TEPLL@Y TEpL TA Urroliyia, Et 
, ¢ ’ , / \ , t \ 
Tov Te opwn Bpwrtov, dvedidov Kal Svérreurre Sudcvtas Tovs 

duvapevous Tapatpéxew Tois Bovdipiwow. 


Construction of *pépav; of trav euzre(pwv. Rule for the 
mode in ey; in édpwn. Derivation of éBovAyuiacav, and com- 
position of its primitive. 


92 GREEK PROSE. 


[Either of the following may be substituted for either of the preceding 
passages. | 

5. Translate (Xen. An. V. 6, 11) :— 

> \ \ n v e \ ig 4 / iA 

evel 6€ TavTa Erekev, of ev UTwrtevoy dirias evera 
Ths Kopvna Néyew + Kal yap Av mpoEevos avTo* of b€ Kal 
Hs Kop yeu L yap av mpoEevos avT@* ot d€ Kal 
e la) / \ A € \ 
@s O@pa AnYrouevoy dua THY EvpBovdrAny TavTnv: ot 6é 
Umemtevov Kal TovTov evexa éyewv, OS pa) Teoh lovTes 
Thy XuveTéwy Te Yopav Kakov épyafowTo. of 8 ody 
"Edrnves &ndicavto cata OadatTav THy TropEelay Tot- 
cicOar. peta TadTa Zevodpar eizrev * °O. Luvwrrets, of péev 
” d / a“ ig an / ef \ 
avopes Hpnvtat tropeiay fv vets EvppBovrevete* otTw Sé 
y > \ lal ” lA e \ > n ne ira 
éyer* el ev Ota EcecOar pédAdAEL Kava apLOu@ ws eva 
py) KatareltrecOar evOade, Apes Sé mrA€oLlwEev av > et OE 
pérXolpev of wey KatareltrecOar of 6€ TAEVTETOAL, OK AV 
éuBalnuey els TA TOA. Yyiyvy@aKomev yap OTL, OTrOU péev 
x aA / Lee \ 4 \ X b] / 
av KpaToper, Ovvaiel av kal cbfecOar Kal Ta émiTHdELa 

r ‘ 
éyewv* ef O€ Tov HrTOUs TOV Trokeuiovy AnPhOnoope@a, 
evonrov 62) 6Tt év avdpaTrodav yopa écopeba 
a] i Pp Xepe . 

Construction of AnWopuevov ; of tHv Sw. xdpav; Of Tdv oAe- 
piwv. Present of ypnvra; of wrAevoecOau. Who was the 
speaker to whom éeéev refers? Where was Sinope? How 
and whither did the Greeks go from it? 


6. Translate (Xen. Hell. II. 3, 56) :— 

e Se / \ BY \ a bd a / / 
ol © amnyayov Tov avodpa bia THs ayopas, waka peyaddy 
n a lal e ” / NaN en i 
tH bovn Snrodvta oia éracye. Déyetar Sé Ev pha Kat 
na a ¢ Y e / > \ 
TOUTO avUTOD' ws EiTev O LaTupos OTL oiww@EotTO Et py 
/ es | \ a > ” ” ee 
ciwomnoeev, emnpeTo* Av d€ ctwT@ oVK apa, Ep, olpo- 
’ U \ 
Eouar; Kal érel ye amoOvncKew avayKkalopevos TO 
K@VELOV ELE, TO RELTTOMEVOY Ehacay amoKoTTaBicayTa 

val / es fa a a \ rn 
eirety avtov* Kpitia tobT éot@ TH KAX@. KAaL TOUTO 


A ccd lal / >’ > / 
fev OK ayvod, OTL Tav’Ta amropOéypata ovK a&todoya * 


GREEK PROSE. 93 


éxeivo 6& Kpivw Tod avdpos ayacTor, TO TOD Oavdtov Tape- 
OTHKOTOS fajTE TO Ppovipoy pyTE TO TaLyVLm@bEes aTrONLTrELY 
EK THS Wuyi. 

Construction of rod dvdpés. Change the sentence 67... 
cwwmrycreey into the form of oratio rectu. Present of érypero. 
Tense of éme. Who was this man, and what was his history ? 


7. Translate (Hdt. VII. 144) : — 
id P. / , »” 4 ’ \ 
eTépn TE OepicToKrAL yvopn EuTrpoc0e TavTHs és KaLpov 
° > U 
nplatevae, OTe, AOnvatowcs yevopévav ypnudTov peyarov 
> a Lal \ > lal / lol n > \ 
EV TO KOLVO, Ta EK TOV peTAadrWY ot TpoTHADE THY aTrO 
A \ © 
Aaupetou, ewedrov AdEecOat opynoov Exactos déxa Spax- 
/ L / ’ / , / n 
pas. TOTE OeuiotoKrEns avéyvwoe "AOnvaiovs, THs Svac- 
/ / nr 
péotos TavTns Tavoapévovs, véas TOUT@Y TOY ypnLaToV 
\ / 
moujcacbat dunkocias és Tov TOAELOY, TOV Tpos AiyeynTas 
¢ ’ / 
Néywr. ovTOS yap 0 TOEMOS GVaTAS ~cwoE TOTE THY 
‘Edrdbda, avayxacas Oaracciovs yevéoOar *AOnvaiovs. 
Ls sy b} \ \ > / ? > / ’ / \ 
ai dé és TO pev erroujOncav ovK éexypyicOncar, és dfov bé 
ef an ¢ / 3 / ae / \ e / fal 
ovT@® TH Edddbs éyévovTo. atta te 8) al vées Tolot 
"A@nvatoict Tpotroinbeioa UTipxov, éTépas Te EEE TpOT- 
vauT@nyeea Gat. 


Make a list of the Ionic forms, adding in each case the 
Attic form, with accents. Where was Laurion? How much 
was d€xa dpayyai? What difficulties are in the way of taking 
this account literally ? 


1883. 
[Any two of the passages may be omitted.] 
1. Translate (Xen. An. I. 7, 3) :— 


Kipos 6€ cvykadéoas tovs otpatnyovs Tav “EXXjveV 
/ / nm 3 al 
auveBovreveTo TE TAS av THY paynv TroLoiTO Kal avTOS 


94 GREEK PROSE. 


‘f 

mapynve. Oapptvev towdde+ “OQ dvdpes “EXXnves, ovK 
> , > fal / / ¢ an ” > \ 
avOpatrrav atropav BapBapwov cvppaxovs vuas ayo, adrpa 
vouitwv amelvous Kal KpEelTTovs TOoAN@Y BapBdapev bpuas 
civat, dla TOUTO TpodéAaBov. Orws otv Ececbe avdpEs 
” a bs / & / VN #2 e lal oT b 
aévor THs édevOepias Hs KEéxTNTOE Kai As buds éyw evdar- 

/ 5 x ” 4 \ > U e / ” ’ > 
povitm. ev yap iote OTL THY EdEVOEpiay ENoiuny av avd 
av éy@ TavTov. OTws O€ Kai EldnTE Els olovy épyerOe 
’ fo) e la) ’ \ / 
ayova, bmas eidas dudako. 

Construction of avOpwrwv, cvppdaxovs, dv. To what does 
rovro refer? Meaning of the preposition in zpocéAaBov. 
Explain the difference between the two uses of ozws in the 
passage. 


2. Translate (Xen. An. II. 5, 32 f.) :— 
’ tal \ A ’ \ fal > fal / iva ’ 

ov TOAN@ O€ VaTEpoy amo TOV avTOV onpeElov ol T 
vv / \ e ” , \ 
évoov auvedapBavovto Kat ot éEw KaTEKOTTNTaV. ETA 
S$ tabta tov BapBapwv twes imméwy Sa Tod mediou 
€XavvovTes OTL éevTUyxavotev “EXXHVL 1) SoVAM 1) ENEV- 
/ / »” € \ ad é € / 
Oépm tavtas éxtewov. ot dé” EXAnves THY TE imTaciay 
avtav eOavpafov €x Tov atpatoTédov opa@vTEs Kal O TL 
> / > / \ / , Ly e / 
érolovy nupeyvoouv, mpiv Nixapxos ’Apxas fKe hevyov 
TETPWLEVOS Els THY YaoTEpa Kal TA EVTEpA eV Tals yepolW 
éyov Kal ele TavTa Ta yeyevnuéva. 

Construction of zoAAG, airdv.  Peculiarity of form in 
nepeyvoovv. Use of the mode in évrvyxydvorev. What would 
érotoww be in indirect discourse? What is referred to in 


, 
TavTa TH yeyevnpeva. ? 


3. Translate (Xen. An. III. 2, 2 f.) :— 


2 a ’ 
@ avOpes STPATLATAL, YaeTTA peV TA TAapOVTA, OTFOTE 
cal lal 4 
avop@v aTpaTnyav ToLovTwY aTEepopeba, Tpos O ETL Kab 
of apt Apiaiov oi rpoabev cippayor ovtTes Tpoded@KacLy 


GREEK PROSE. oe 


a a lal ” 

Heads Opws Sé de? ex TOV TapovTwY avdpas ayabods TEré- 
\ \ c / 5) \ a oe a \ 

Oe Kal pn vdlerPat, adda Treipacbar STrws Hv pev 

SvvapeOa Kad@s viK@vTes cwlopeOa: ef SE pur}, adArd 

Karas ye aTroOvicKepEV, UToXElpLlor dé pydérroTE yevo- 
cal a / > BD) a a 

peOa Savtes Tols Todeulows. olwar yap av nuads ToLadTa 

mabey oia Tovs €xOpous oi Peot troujcevav. 


Construction of dvdpas, trois €xOpovs. What part of speech 
is zpos here? Point out the attributive and circumstantial 
participles. With what does ay belong? 


4. Translate (Xen. An. IV. 7, 15 f.) :— 

évtedOcv erropevOncav dia XadvBov. ovto joav ov 
Sup\Oov arKiwwtato., Kal eis yelpas ecav. elyov 6é 
Owpaxas ALwods péypt TOD HTpov, avyTi dé TOV TTEPUYyoV 
oTdpTa TuKva éoTpaupéva. eiyoy dé Kal Kvnpidas Kal 
Kpavn, Kal Tapa tHv Covnv payaipiov bcov Euidnv 
Aakavikijy, 6 éxpattov ov Kpatety SivawtTo, Kal amroTéu- 
vovtTes ay Tas Keharas ExovTEs e7ropEevovTo, Kal HOov Kal 
€XOpEevoy OTFOTE Of Tror€uLoL avToOvs GYrecOar EwerXov. 
eiyov b€ Kal Sopu ws mevtexaisexa Tijyewr, wlav oyynv 
éyov. 

Construction of Ev7Anvy, mhyewv. With what does dy 
belong? In what respects did the Greek spear differ from 
this one? How long, in time and distance, was the return 
march from Kunaxa to the sea? 


5. Translate (Xen. Hellen. II. 3) :— 

& & ad cizev, ws éy@ elt oios adel TroTe pweTaBdrrEc Oat, 
nr \ aA 
Katavoyjaate Kal TadTa. THY pev yap TOV TeTpaKoclwv 
\ € nr 

TonTElav Kal avTos Syitrov oO Shpos endicarto, SiSacKo- 
evos ws of Aaxedaimoviot Tacn TodLTEa padXov dp 7) 
MEVvOS ws bid H] Pad i 
/ bd \ / b] val 3 2O\ 
Snmoxpatia mictevoerav. rel O€ ye exeivoe pev ovdéev 


96 GREEK PROSE. 


dviecav, of S€ audit “ApiotorérAnv kal MedavOiov kai 
*Apictapyov, otpatnyobvtes, pavepol eyévovTo emt TO 
xopate pupa TevxylCovtes, &s 5 EBovOVTO TOUS TrodELLoUS 
deEduevar Ud avtois Kal Tois ETépois THY TOW TOLjCac- 
Oat,— ef tadr aicOopevos eym SueKw@AvCa, TOUT EoTL 
mpoooTny eivat TOV Pidwv ; 

explain the reference in rév terpaxooiwv. When did the 
event occur? Where was this youa? What form of con- 
ditional sentence is seen in the last clause? What nick- 
name was given to the speaker, expressing the idea otos... 
petaBadrAcoGar ? 


6. Translate (Xen. Mem. I. 1) :— 


/ , \ N ‘\ iA > , 

Bovrevoas yap Tote Kai Tov BovrevTLKOY SpKoV Omocas, 
év © Mv KaTa TOUS VOopsous BourEvoeL, ETLTTATHS EV TO 
dynme@ yevopevos, éemiOuvpuncavTos Tod Sijjuov mapa Tovs 
vomous évvéa oTpaTnyous pid Widw Tos ahi OpacvrAdov 

A ae. 4 2 lal / > ’ / - 
kal Epacwidnv aroxteivar Tavtas, ovK nOédAnoeEV ETUn- 

/ > / \ > lal r / fal \ \ 
hicat, opyfouevov pev alto Tov Sjpwov, ToAN@Y O€ Kal 
OuvaT@v ameiNovvTw@Y* Gara TEP TrEloVOS E€TrOLTATO 
evopKely 7) xapicacOar TH Siw mapa To Sikaov Kal 
puraEacOat Tovs aTretNovrTas. 

What sort of accusative is dpxov? In what year and 
after what battle did this event take place? What was the 
illegality in the proposed vote? From what officers was 
the émucrarys selected and how often? 


HOMER. 97 


[All Greek words are to be written with accents. ] 


1. Translate (J1. I. 254-258) : — 
““( qorrot, 9 méya TEVOOS "Ayatida yaiav ikavet. 
4 Kev ynOnoat IIpiapos Upiaporo te tratdes, 
adrot Te Tp@es péya Kev Kexapolato Oupe, 
el ofoiv Tade TavTa TUOOlaTO papvapévouy, 
of wept wev Bovrnv Aavaay, wepl & éoré payerOa.” 
Make a list of the forms in these lines peculiar to Homer, 
adding, in each case, the corresponding Attic form. 
Explain the form xeyapoiaro. 


2. Translate (J/. I. 142-146) :— 
“Os hato, Tota dé Oupov evi otHPecow dpivev 
cal \ \ (cA > fal , / 
mact “eTa TANOLY, cot ov BovrS eTdKOoVGAaD. 
/ > > \ A / XN / 
Kw7On & ayopn $7 Kvata paxpa Caddacons, 
movtou Ixapio.o, Ta pév T Edpés te Notos Te 
” 3; 9 aA \ \ > / 
@pop emraitas tatpos Avos €x vededawv. 
Mark on your writing-paper the feet of the first two lines, 


adding the rule for the quantity of each syllable in the sec- 
ond line. 


What is the tense of dpope? What is meant by zovrov 
"Ikapiovo ? 


3. Translate (J7. III. 295-302) : — 
> wey A ’ , / 
oivov & €k Kpntipos apvocapevor Semdecow 
ExxXeov, 1S evyovTo Oeois aleuyevéernowy * 
b2 , v > a , 
aoe O€ Tus eltreckev “Ayatav Te Tpwor Te* 


98 HOMER. 


“Zed xvotote péyiote, Kal aBavatot Oeol addrou, 
€ , e 
OTTOTEPOL TPOTEPOL UITEép OpKLa THEI VELAY, 
OE oh eyKéparos yapmad.s peor ws 00€ oivos, 
> a \ / v Mies SA tal ” 
avT@v Kal Texéwy, ddoyou & adNotot Sapeiev. 
€ / 
‘Os par, ob8 dpa Te cdi érexpalawe Kpoviwr. 
Supply what is gone from od’. Give the Attie prose 


forms for éxxeov, alevyevéryow, Ys epav. Explain the mode 
of péo. 


1877. 
[All Greek words are to be written with accents.] 


1. Translate (J1. I. 274-284) : — 
“ara TwiOecOe Kai vpupes, érret TeiOecbar amervov. 
pnte od TOVvd, ayabos Tep éwv, atroatpeo Kovpny, 
> 3 oy, c e lal / / ® ,’ lol 
arn’ éa, os ol TPaTa docay yépas vies “Ayatov* 
pate od, IInreldn, OE’ epiféwevar Baciriji 
avtiBinv, érrel ovtroP opoins Eupope Tims 

fal \ e r \ lal v 
aKnTrovyos Baciheds, bTe Zevs Kddos COwxev. 
> \ \ / / > x / / / 
el 6€ ov KapTEpos éaot, Dea é cE yelvaTo unTNp, 
> Seer sf / > b) \ , 1:4 PR ? 
arr oye PEepTEepos EoTiv, EEL TAEOVETOLY AVaTCEL. 
>, tA \ \ lal \ / > \ yy 
Atpetdn, ov O€ rave Tedv Tévos* abTap éywye 
Aacow "AxirAAHi peOéwev Yorov, bs peya TacW 
, al lal 

&pxos “Ayatoiow méXeTar TOAEMOLO KaKoto.” 

Make a list of the Homeric forms in these lines, adding, in 

each case, the corresponding Attic form. 
Who is referred to by 6e4? What Latin form corresponds 
in form with reov? 


2. Translate (J1. II. 339-343) : — 
“ary bn cvvOecias Te Kal bpKia BHoeTat piv ; 
év Trupt 67 Bovral Te yevoiato pijded T avdpar, 


HOMER. 99 


p23 oF \ NT gp @e 97 F 
omoveal T axpntot Kal dSeEval, Hs erériOpev 
autos yap p éréeco’ éprdalvoper, o0€E TL pi}XOS 

c / / \ pA >) 7D 397 99 
evpémevar SuvapecOa, Todvy ypovov €vOad’ eovTes. 
Where is éreriOuev made? What is the derivation of ozov- 
Saf? the reason for the gender of ée&ia/? What other forms 
in Homer of éréecor? What length of time denoted by zoAww 
xpovor ? 
3. Translate (J/. III. 154-159) : — 
5 b] c a 
ot & ws ovv eidov? “EnXévnv eri rupyov lodcay, 
> \ > , ” , Sr ca , 
NKA TPOS ANAINOUS ETTEA TTEPOEVT UyOpEvOV * 
“Od véuects Tpdas Kal evxvyjpidas ’Axatovs 
ay >? \ \ \ , ” / e 
TONS adi yuvatkl TONUY YpoVvoY aNyea TaayYEW 
aivas adavatnot Oens eis @Tra Coker. 
’ \ \ oa / > ero) 2 ’ \ / 9° 
adda Kal ws, Toln TEp €oda’, €v VnVai veéc Ow. 
Mark on your writing-paper the feet of the second and 
third lines, adding the rule for the quantity of each syllable 
of the third line. 


1878. 
[All Greek words to be written with the accent. ] 
1. Translate (Jl. I. 522-528) : — 
bc 2 \ \ \ n 5 Siena! / , 
ANNW TV MEV VUY AUTLS ATTOTTLYXE, [L) TL VONTH 
la) / / 
“Hon: éuol dé xe TadTa pedrjoetat, Oppa Tehécow. 
> PA na / v / ~ 
et & dye Tor Kehanr} KaTavevoopat, Oppa TretrolOns 
TouTo yap €& éwébev ye pet aPavatoucs wéyroTtov 
fi . > \ ees / »Q9 9 \ 
TEKUMP* OV yap é“ov TaXLVaypETOY OVO aTraTNAOV 
DENI 49) , A a / ” 
ovo QATENEVTHTOV, O TL KEV Kepahy KATQAVEUCO. 
7, Kal kvavénow er’ oppvat vedoe Kpoviwr. 
Make a list of the Homeric forms in these lines, adding, in 


each case, the corresponding Attic form. Point out the case 
of tmesis. 


Who is Kpoviwv, and what other form of the name occurs? 


100 HOMER. 


2. Translate (J1. II. 394-401) : — 
aA v , , fal \ lef Cd iA fal 
ws épat’, “Apyetor dc péy’ tayor, as bre Kowa 
ath ep vnrH, OTe kivnon Notos dav, 
an / \ ,’ v / / 
mpoBrAHTt cxoTréXw* Tov & ov Tote KUmaTa eiTreEL 
/ > / (7 fee LN v |; ieee mee / 
TavTolov avéwov, OT av eve  &vOa yévwvTat. 
avatavTes © opéovto Kedacbévtes KaTa vias, 

/ / \ / \ a ry 
KaTVLoC ay Te KATA KNLTlas, Kal SelmrvoY EXOVTO. 
adros 8 adrw EpeSe Gedy aievyeveTawr, 

> / / ‘ a \ a v 
evxyopevos Oavarov Te puyeiv Kal p@dov “Apynos. 

Mark on your writing-paper the feet of the first two lines, 
adding the rule for the quantity of each syllable of the sec- 
ond line. Give, as above, the Homeric forms in the fifth 
line. 


3. Translate (J/. III. 824-329, 339) : — 
Os dp épav, tadrev bé péyas KopvOaioros” Extwp 
avy opowy* Udpuos 6€ Bods ex KAHpos Gpovcer. 
oi pev ErrecO iSovto Kata otivas yt ExaoTou 
immo. aepaltroves Kal TroiKina TEevYE EKELTO* 

> x wd b ei) Je? b] 4 / \ 

avTap 6 aud’ @poiow edvcETO TEVYEA KAA 
dios ’“AdéEavSpos, “Erévns oats nuKopoto. 
a > ” / > / ” ER? 
as S avtws MevéXaos apios évte eduvev. 

What was determined by the process described in the first 


two lines? Why are the words ay épdwy added? What was 
the issue of the combat that followed? 


1879. 


1. Translate (J1. I. 193-200) :— 
€ws 0 TADO @ppawe Kata dpéva kal Kata Ouvpor, 
EdxeTo © €x KoreEoio péya Elfos, HAGE S ’AOnvy 
> / \ nv 5 \ / d 
ovpavobev* mpo yap %Ke Oea NevKwAEvOS “Hn, 


HOMER. 101 


aude ouds Ovud hirdoved Te Kndopévy Te. 

ot & dmibev, EavOijs b€ Kopns EXe Inrelwva, 

olw hawopévyn* TOV 8 addr ov TLS CpaTo. 

OapPnoev S ’Axtreds, peta & eTpazer’, adtixa & 

éyv@ 
TadraS ?AOnvainv: Seve b€é of dace paavber. 
Point out and explain the instance of 62 in the apodosis. 

Who are meant by dudwo (line 4)? Give the Attic forms for 
oparo (line 6) and ¢uaarOev (line 8). What is the construc- 
tion of Koéuns (line 5) ? 


2. Translate (J/. II. 211-219) : — 
adrot pev pP eLovto, épntubev 5é Kal” &pas* 
Oepaitns & ere podvos apeTpoeTris exodoa, 
ds p €rea hpecly how akoopa TE TOG TE 76M, 
/ > \ > \ / ’ / a 
pa, aTap ov KaTa KOopoD, EptCeevat Bacidrevow, 
> b Eo a , ce ” / , / 
aX’ 6 TL ol Eiaatto yeroitoyv ‘Apyetolaty 
” ” AT eo \ c AGW, iD 
éupevat. aiaytotos b€ avipp v70 “Iov 7rOev. 
‘\ bY4 \ + / \ / e v 
horkos env, ywros 8 Etepoyv T0da* Tw Sé 01 OUw 
KupT@, €7l otOos cuvoywKoTe* avTap UTepOev 
pokes env Kehariy, Wedv7) 0 érrevyvobe NaXVN. 
Mark on the writing-paper the quantities of the syllables 
in lines 5-7, giving the reason for the variation in of. 
Explain the form cuvoywxore (line 8). Why the accusa- 
tive and not the dative after tro (line 6) ? 


3. Translate (71. III. 182-190) : — 
“@ pwacap Arpeldn, woipyyevés, OABto0datmor, 
7) pad vv Tot TONAOL Sedunato Kodpor “Aya.dv. 
non Kat Ppuyinv elondrvOov apredoeccar, 
évOa idov TrELaTOUS Ppvyas avépas aiohoTwdous, 
Aaovs ’OtpiHos kal Muydovos avtiOéou0 * 


102 HOMER. 


\ \ > \ > / »\ \ a / 

Kal yap éywv €Tikoupos éwy peTa Toto €déxXOnv 

” an > 4 > / > / 

nate TO OTE T HAOOV ’Apafoves avTidverpat* 

e / i e 
aX’ ovd’ of TOcoL Hoav boot éEXikwrres ’Ayavoil.” 
Make a list of the dialectic peculiarities, adding, in each 

case, the corresponding Attic prose form. To whom does 
oi (line 8) refer? 


1880. 


1. Translate (JI. I. 172-181) : — 
\ bie) / aT ow ” ’ lal , / 
Tov © npe(BeT Errerta avat avdpdv ’Ayapéuvor * 
lal b ) 
“ hevrye wan’, el Tot Oujros errécoutar’ ovdéE ow éerywrye 
/ a 35 iy SIAN L r Bey Sy \ oo» 
NTTOMAL EVER EMELO EVEL * Trap Emolye Kal AXXOL 
t/ / / / \ / / 
ot KE ME TLYLHTOVOL, WadLoTa 6é pnTieta Levs. 
4 / 
éy Gatos b€ pol éoor dvotpepéwy Bacidjov * 
7 \ / y } / / , 
aiel yap ToL Epis TE Hidy TrOAEKLOL TE payYat TE. 
> / / > , \ ’ 3 e: 
€l wadda KapTEpos eoot, Beds Trov col TO y edwxer. 
\ / fal cr 
oikad’ lwy avy ynual TE ONS Kal Gois ETApoLoL 
/ 
Muppidoverow avacce. oé0ev & éyw ovxk areyifa, 
7») / ” 
ovd’ 60opat KoTéovTos. 


Make a list of the Homeric forms in this passage, giving, 
in each case, the corresponding Attic word, with accents. 

Compare éy@icros, kaprepos. Where is éréoovra found, and 
from what present is it? 


2. Translate (Jl. II. 265-274) : — 
as ap &byn, oxnmtTpw Sé weTadpevor 70€ Kal Oo 
mrnEev* 0 © idvwOn, Oarepor O€ of Expuye Saxpu, 
opnaorke & aiwatoecca petadpévov eEvtravéctn 
TKHTTpoU UTO yYpucéov. 06 ap Eero TapBycév TE, 
adyjcas 8, aypeiov idov amronopEato Saxpu. 
ot Sé Kai axyvipevol Tep er avT@ 1/50 yéXacoay. 


HOMER. 103 


@oe S€ Tis eltecKev iOwy és TANTLOV CiANOV* 
5 2 O\ , 
“@ qToTrol, 4 6) pupt’ "Odvaceds écOXa Copyer, 
/ res / > \ / / / . 
Bovnras 7 éEapyov ayabas Todepov Te KOpYccoV 
nr \ U FDS) «5p > >) / ” ” 
vov d€ TOE fey’ apictov év ’Apyelocw Cpetev. 
Write out on your paper the fourth line, dividing it into 
feet and explaining any peculiarities of metre. Point out 
the metrical peculiarity in the last line. Why does not é¢, 
in the second line, suffer elision ? 


3. Translate (J/. IIT. 346-354) : — 
mpoabe & ’Ar€Eavdpos tpoies SoduvycoKvoy éyyxos, 
\ / ’ / , > / / , 7 
kal Barev “Atpeldao cat’ acrida Tavtoo’ élony* 
2Q> yw / ’ / / e ’ \ 
ovd’ Eppntev yarkos, aveyvapOn 6€ of aiyp) 
acrid évi kpateph. 0 d€ SevTEpos @pvUTO YaAK@ 
*"Atpetdns Mevédaos, érrevEdpevos Avi ratpi : 
“Zed ava, S05 ticac0at 6 we TpoOTEpos KaK’ Eopyer, 
diov “AréEavdpor, Kat euns U7r0 yepol Sapaccor, 
odpa Tis Epplynat Kal oyiyover avOpwrer 
Ul \ Cl Se wd zi / ” 
Ee.vodoxov Kaka péEat, 6 Kev hidoTnTa Tapacyy. 
How was the order in which they should attack one an- 
other determined? What was the issue of the duel? 
Where is éppiyyou found, and from what present is it? 
Explain the construction in the first three words of the last 
line. 


1881. 


1. Translate (1. I. 292-303) : — 
tov © ap SToBXndSynv npmelBeTo dios ’AyiArevs * 
os / / \ ’ } \ >, / 
7 yap Kev SeiXOs TE Kal OVTLOAVOS KaXEOI LN), 
el 67) cot Trav épyov UrrelEopat, OTTL Kev ElTrNS * 
adroow 6n TadT eriTérXeEO, fen yap Emouye 
ona: ov yap éywy ett col metcec Oar dio. 


104 


HOMER. 


/ / x oJ \ \ / 
adro O€ Tou épéw, cv & evi dpect Badreo chow: 
» tL 
Nepal ev OVTOL EywyEe Lay comal EiveKa KOUPNS 
ovTE col OVTE TW ANAM, Errel mw’ Adérea OE ye SovTeEs* 
rn > ce RNS A \ \ / 
Tov © addov & pol €or O07 Tapa vi peraivn, 
fal / x i rn 
TOV OUK AV TL PEpols AVEN@Y GEKOVTOS EpMELO. 
/ / 6, 
el O aye may TElpnoal, iva yvowat Kal oide* 
eh Hh \ > s \ 739 
aia Tot aia KeXaLvov Epwijcer Trepi Soupt. 


Make a list of the Homeric forms in this passage, giving 
in each case the corresponding Attic word, with accents. 
Where is ze(pnoat found, and what in the form itself shows 


it? 


Give the present of ize(Sopar, retoeoOa, adeAcobe. 


2. Translate (Jl. Il. 188-197) : — 


A sN an Ni, ” if 
dvtwa pev Bacirgja kai éEoyov avdpa Kvyein, 
lal / 
Tov © ayavois éréecow épntvcacKe Tapactas * 
\ A 
* Saimove, ov oe €oLKe KaKOV WS SeLdiccer Bat, 
or , 
arn’ autos TE KaPnTO Kal addoUS tpvE NaoUs. 
> / / Ney er , > , 
ov yap Tw cada oic® oios voos ’Atpelwvos* 
an \ n , >» 2 ’ a 
vov pev Teipatat, Taya & iverat vias “Ayaiov. 
> an >] > / ] 72 e y 
év BovrAn & ov mavtes akovcapev oiov evTrev. 
/ / cs \ e ’ a 
fa) TL YONWGAapeEVOS péEN KaKov vias AyaLdv. 
\ an 
Oupos O€ péyas €oTi Siotpehéos Bacidtos - 
\ , Ul fal / / ” 
Tin © &€x Aros éott, piret dé é pntiera Zevs. 


Write out a metrical scheme of the sixth line, accounting 
for the quantity of each syllable. Point out the metrical 
peculiarity in the ninth line. 

Give the Attic form for éréeoow. Explain the accent on as. 


3. Translate (J/. III. 146-153) : — 


of © api Uplapov cai WavOoov 76é Ovpoirny 
Adprov te KXutiov @ "Ikeraova 7, 6fov “Apnos, 
Ovxcaréywr Te kal Avtnvep, TeTvupévo auho, 


HOMER. 105 


” 8 / ISN SS fal / 
ELATO ONMOYEPOVTES ETL XKALHTL TUANGLD, 

4, - \ / / > ae) \ 
ynpai 5) ToN€moro TeTavpévol, GAN wyopyTai 
>? / / > / A + eels / 
é€cOnol, TeTTiyerow €oLtkoTeEs, oiTe KAD UAHV 
devdpéw edeSomevor O7ra NetpLoecoay leiow * 
Totor dpa Tpwwy ayntopes AvT ert TUpyo. 

Point out the irregularity of syntax in the third line. Give 
the Attic form for rerriyecow. What is the first foot of the 
seventh line? What two forms of the same word in this 
passage? 


1882. 


1. Translate (J. I. 362-5, 393-9) : — 
““réxvov, TL KAales 3 TL OE oe Hpévas ixeTO TEVOOs ; 
> 4 A fal “ Cs ” ” ” 
é€avoa, wn Ked0€ vow, iva eldopev aud. 
tiv de Bapvatevaxov Tpocépyn Todas MKS *AXtr- 
devs * 
tc: fa) 4 f a eS if / 32S) € A) é 
oic0a* Tin ToL TATA idvin TaVT ayopEve ; 
’ \ / , / if / \ en 
adra av, ei Svvacal ye, TEpLaxXEO TaALdOS ENos * 
€NOo0a° Ovrvptrovde Ala Xicat, elrroTe 57 Te 
\ » YA / \ “NN Nt 
» €rres ovnaas Kpadiny Atos 1/é Kal épye. 
TONAAKL Yap TEO TATPOS Evi pwEyapoLoLY AKovoa 
evyouerns, OT épynaba Keraivepéer Kpoviwve 
olin év aOavaTtotow aerkéa ovyov apovat, 
ommote piv Evvdjoat Orvprrioe HOeXoV AAXOL.” 
Give a metrical scheme of lines 7 and 8, with the rules for 
quantity in any notable cases. Point out what words in 8 
would have a different form but for the metre. 
Give the construction of dpévas (line 1), radra (line 4), 
oeo (line 8), Kpoviww (line 9). 
Where found and from what present are cidoper (line 2), 
Aicat (line 6)? Who is meant by zarpos (line 8) ? 


106 HOMER. 


2. Translate (J/. IL. 321-332) :— 
5 \ A ay 2? / 
“@s ody dewa TéXwWpa Oed@y elaonrAO ExaTouBas, 
rch 2 ’ b) #39 3/, / b f 
Karyas 8 aitix’ érevta Oeotrpotréwy wydpever * 

/ , / / / 
‘rimt avew éeyéverbe, KapnKkopLowrTes "Ayauol ; 
e fal \ 79 WV / / / r / 
Hiv ev TOO Enve Tépas péya pntieta Zevs, 
f ’ é ve / » pee | r 
oipov, oiTéNETTOV, OoU KNEOS OUTTOT ONELTAL. 

ie \ / ’ / an 

@s oUTOS KaTa TéxY Ehaye aTpovOoto Kal avTijy, 
’ , 9 e / 
OKT, ATAP LNTHP EvaTN HV, 1) TEKE TEKVA, 
A . n> / > 
> Nmels TOTTAUT ETEa TTONEMLEOpEV avOL, 

an / \ / e / 
T® SexaT@ O€ TONY aipnoopeyv EUpvayuLay. 

a \ / \ \ a ral 
Kelvos T@S ayopevEe* TA O12 VOY TaYTa TEdElTaL. 
> Sey, / , > , > , 
aXN aye, piuvete TravTes, evevynpdes “Ayaroi, 

> an > , ” / / e/ ” 
avTod, elooxey aotu péya II piaporo éXwper. 


When did this prodigy occur, and where? What is the 
reference in otros (line 6)? Construction of @edv (line 1). 

Point out the Homeric forms, giving the corresponding 
Attic forms, in the last five lines. 


3. Translate (J1. III. 86-94) : — 
a / > 
“Kéxhuté ev, Tpdes Kai evevnpioes ’Axacol, 
fal Lay / A vA rn ” 
pv0ov ’AreEdvdpoto, Tov eivexa vetKos dpwper. 
” \ / lal \ Ul ’ \ 
addovs pev KéedeTat Tpdas Kai mavtas ’Ayatovs 
Ud ’ / 
Tevyea Kan’ aTroVéc Oat ert yOovi TovdvBoTeipn, 
avtov & év pécow Kai apnidirov Mevédaov 
” > 2h 7 \ , A , 
olous aud’ “EXévy kal KT pace Tact payerOat. 
c I. , / 
omTToTEpos O€ KE VIKION KpelacwY TE yévNTAL, 
/ Mea \ 9S / lal / ” , ’ / 
KTH pad El@v Ev TavTAa yuVaiKkd TE O.KAD ayécOo* 
of © ddXoe piroTnTa Kal OpKia TLICTAa Tapwper.” 
Where found and from what verb are xéxAuvre (line 1), 


dpwpev (line 2)? On what does payeoba (line 6) depend? 
What is the origin of the metaphor in répwpev (line 9)? 


HOMER. 107 


[The following may be substituted for either of the preceding passages. ] 


4. Translate (Jl. VI. 286-296) : — 

¢ » Py / ,’ , 

os &pal’, 7 dé porovaa Toth méyap’ dudpiTcorow 
/ \ ge cee »/ NY. / 

KéxXeTO* Tal © dp aorAooay KaTa doTU yEpatas. 
> \ ’ > / / / 

avtn © és OdNapov KaTEBicETO KNwWEVTA, 

ev?’ Exav of TémAOL TaLTOLKINOL, Epya yuVaLKov 

x 

Xoviwr, Tas avTos "ANéEavdpos Geoerd)s 

” SS , 3 \ Di anal Z , 

nyaye Lvoovinber, erimAws Evpéa TOVTOV, 
\ ta x c / > / 5) , 

THv odov Hv EnXévnv ep aviyayev evTatépevav. 
a © € / na a, / 

Tov & aeipapévn “ExaBn hépe d@pov ’AOnvn, 

a / ” I 7Q\ / 

0s KaNALOTOS Env TOLKiAacLY NOE MéylLaTOS 

> \ é A > / ” oe / yA 

aoTnp O W3 aTTENALTTEV* EKELTO OE VELATOS AXdODY. 
a vb ee lyZ \ N / / 

BH S& lévat, worXal 5é peteroevovTo yepacai. 


Explain the peculiarity of form in xareByoero (line 3). 
Construction of rj 6d0v (line 7), GAAwv (line 10). 
Point out the Homeric forms, giving the corresponding 
.« Attic forms, in the first five lines. 
How does the mention of Sidon seem to bear on the date 
of the poem? 


1883. 


1. Translate (J/. I. 820-330) : — 


> 9) Fer: / , 
arr 6 ye TarXOvBuov te cai EdpuBatnv rpocéecrer, 
4 € 4 
T@ Ol Eoav KNpUKE Kal OTpNPw OeparroyTe 
” fel 
“é€pxecbov kuoinu Unrniddew "Ayirijos ° 
\ - ’ 
xXEtpos EXovT’ ayéuev Bpionida KardTrapnov. 
> 6é \ } if , st bé > \ cs. 

5 €l O€ KE p17) OWNaLY, ey O€ KEV avTOS ELopat 
2.4 \ \ , / e Ne Of ” ” 
€Mewv avy TrAEOVETOL* TO OL Kal plytov EoTaL. 

A 3 ON sh \ Ce ae a ” 

@s elT@v Tpoiet, KpaTepov S él wdOov ETEdArEv. 
\ PSS. / \ ae c \ > / 

T@ © aéxovte Batny Tapa Oiv’ ados atpuyéroto, 


108 HOMER. 


Muppidover 8 eri te KXLclas Kal vijas ixéoOnv. 
10 Tov O evpoy Tapa TE KNLO(y Kai VyL pedalyy 
HLEVOV * OVD Apa TH ye Lo@v yiOncev ’AxiAXEvs. 
Make a list of the forms peculiar to the Homeric dialect in 
this passage, adding in each case the Attic prose form. 
What different uses of zo are seen in lines 2 and 8? Con- 
struction of yepos (4). Use of the mode in ayeuey (4) 
and €Awpar (5). Explain the use of d¢ after éy in 5. 


2. Translate (J/. Il. 455-8, 469-73) : — 


nuTE Tip aldnrov ETripréyer AomreTov UANV 

BA ’ a ic4 / / > / 
ovpeos ev Kopudys, Exaber Oé Te halveTat avyn, 
e 4 \ nr , 
Os TOV Epyouévov aro yarKovd Oearecioto 

” Ee. ’ 1Q/ > \ a 
alyrn wappavowca du’ aiépos ovpavov ixev. 

5 NUTE puLadwy adwawv EOvea TOG, 

\ 
al Te KaTa oTAOMOY TroLMYHLOV 1)NdoKOVOLW 
@pn €v Elapivy, OTE TE yAaYOS ayyea Seven, 
, 
tocoo él Tpwecot xapnkopowrtes “Ayatol 
> 4 / la lal 
év Tediw (aTavTo, Siappaicat pe“adres. 

Mark on your writing-paper the metrical feet of 7 and 8, 
oiving the rule in every case of variation from natural quan- 
tity. Construction of trav (3), otpavoy (4). What Latin 
words show the same stem with vAnv (1), eiapwy (7), yAdyos 
(7)? What words contain the point of comparison in 5-9? 


3. Translate (J/. III. 428-36) :— 
“pruOEs ex ToAE“OU* ws wheres AUTOP OrEécOaL, 
avopt Sapels KpaTEp@ Os eos TPUTEPOS TOaLS Hev. 
7 pev On Tply y evye apynipirov Meveddov 
of TE Bin Kal xYepal Kal Eyxei PépTEpos eivar: 

5 GXN’ (Oc viv Tpoxarecoat apnididov MevédXaov 


HOMER. 109 


eEavtis payécacba evavtiov. adda ao &ywye 

mavecbar Kédopar, wndée EavOG Meveddw 

avTiBuov TOohEpov TorepiFery 75E payer Oat 

appadéws, 4 Tas Tax’ UT avTod Soupi Saprns.” 

Give the full forms without elision of aird@ (1), eye (3), 

tax (9). Where are zpoxireooa (5) and dapyys (9) 
found? What two constructions are possible for dovpé (9) ? 
Give the general rule for the accent of verbs, and point 
out the exceptions in this passage. 


110 GREEK AT SIGHT. 


GREEK “AT. SIGHT: 


1881. 
Hermogenes explains who his friends are of whom he is proud (uéya 
g I | p Y 
ppovet). | 
> / > / E “cc \ ” Se g , 
€X TOUTOU ELTTE TLS cov épyov, @ Kpporyeves, Neveu 


\ /. vs , , \ , / id , 
Te Tous Pirous oitivés elou Kal ErridecKvUVal @S peya TE 
rn U lol / > , 
Sivavtat Kal cov émipérovtat, iva Soxhs Suxaiws ém’ av- 
Lal / Lal nr 
Tois péeya hpoveiv.”’ ‘“OvKody ws pev cal “EXXAnves Kal 
/ \ \ id fal 
BapBapot tovs Oeovs nyodvtat wavTa eidévat Ta TE OVTA 
\ \ , ” nan cr / 
Kal Ta péANoVTA EVdnAOV.! Tacat yovv ai TorELs Kal 
/ Xo, \ a na 
Tavta Ta €Ovn Oia pavTiKis érrepwrdat Tors Oeodrs Ti TE 
\ \ / > \ lal \ e 
xpn KaL TL OU YPN TroLety. Kal pry OTL voulfouév ye SU- 
> \ ss Lod a a rn 
vacOat avTous Kai ev Kal Kaxes Trovety Kal TOTO cadés.} 
fa ’ n \ la 
TavTes yoov aitovbytat Tovs Oeods Ta pev hadrAa aToTpéE- 
> ‘ae be 6 60 e / € / \ As 
mew Tayaba O€ Svdovat. ovTOL TolvuY of TaVTa pév ELOOTES 
mavtTa oe duvapevot Oeoi oT jot pirot ciaivy date dua TO 
€mriupedeta bai prov ovToTE A7iOw? avTOVs oUTE VUKTOS OVO 
ce , vf? Xv e a wf xX / / 
nuepas ov Crrot dv Opp@pmat OVO OTL dv péAXwW TpaTTELY. 
\ \ \ a Wate > el , , 
dua 6€ TO mpoevdévar Kai 6 Te €& Exaotov aToBnaeTat 
, / / , 
onpaivovot mot TémTovTEs ayyéXous dias Kal éevvTrvia® 
ral A > \ a Ae gts \ 
Kal olwvors & Te Sel Kal & Ov Yp2) TroLEtY, ols Eyw OTaV meV 
/ > , / / A ” , \ 
mel\Ompat, ovdeTroTé por peTapérer* On O€ ToTEe Kal 


” 
amistynaas éxoNacOnv.” 4 


1Sce. éorl. 2 — AavOavw. 3 dreams. 4 T have been punished. 


1882. 


> \ \ / / eon / ’ \ Lal 
émrel 5€ péya hpovncas o Ticcadepyns emi TO KaTa- 
lal ’ / 
Bavtt otpatevpate Tapa Bacihéws Tpocirev ‘Aynoika@ 
/ ,’ \ > / ,’ an ’ / € \ yA , 
ToNEMOV, €L fA) ATrloL Ex THS Actas, ol Mev AAAOL TUppAa- 


GREEK AT SIGHT. Bl fat 


\ / / 
xor Kat Aaxedaipoviwy oi mapovtes para axGecbévtes . 
davepol éyévovto, “Aynotidaos 5é para haidpe TO Tpocw- 
Paeney SE fe PEP CAEP 
’ cal / \ / > / € 
To aTayyetrar Ticoadépve. Tos mpécBeus exédevoev wS 
\ a ¢ \ 
TOMANVY VYApLy AUTO Exot, OTL ETLOpPKI}TAS AUTOS MEV TONE- 
/ \ \ > 4 a 2 ¢f / 
lous Tovs Oeovs éextyncato Tois 8 “EXAnot cuppayous 
, lal , 
éroincev. x Sé TovToV EvOUs Tols pev oTTpAaTLWTALS 
‘ 2) a 
mapynyyeirxe ocuvaoKevatecOat ws els otpateiav, Tais 6é 
, ee sas 2 > a , uN 
TOXEoW ELS US avayKn Hv adikveicbat oTpaTEvopéve@ ET 
/ lal 
Kapiav mpoetrev ayopav tapackevatew. émrécteine O€ 
Yj lal 
Kat Iwou cal Aloredot cal “EXAnotrovtiows TéutrEety pos 
¢ \ Se S/, \ [ € \ 
éautov eis "Edecov tols cvotpatevcopévous. o d€ Tic- 
Ud \ ee e \ > 5 ess f ra \ 
cadhépyns, kal OTe immexov ovK eiyev 0 “Aynotindaos 1) Sé 
Kapila adimros! jv, kal ote ayeito avtov opyifecOar 
al lal Oss rn 
avTo Sia Thy aTaTyy,? TO OvTL vouicas emi TOY avTOD 
C2 ’ r / SUN e / \ \ 4 ef 
oixov ets Kapiavy avtov opunoev, TO pev teov array 
/ > lal \ re Xi > \ U / 
dueBiBacev éxeice, TOO immiKov els TO Macavdpov trepun}- 
yaye Tredlov, vouifwy ikavos eivat KaTaTraThoat® TH into 4 
/ 
tous” EAXnvas, mplv eis TA SVoLTTA! adixécPat. 


' unfit for cavalry operations. * deceit. *%to overwhelm. 4 cavalry. 


1883. 
Translate : — 
a \ > (| A Obs 

Mera 6é tadTa avactas eirre Revopav* °O, dvdpes otpa- 

A fal ce A 
TLOTAL, THV Lev TropElav, WS EoLKE, OHAOV OTL TECH TroLnTéov * 

> \ ” A Mate \ / ” > \ 
ov yap éott Tria’ avayKn Sé TropeverOar 7)dn* Od yap 
” / n, ’ / id la) i ” / 
éoTe pévovct Ta emiTHOELa. auets odv, bn, OvadpeOa’ 
bmas O€ det TapacKkevalerPat ws wayoupévous el ToTE Kal 
GdNoTE* Of yap ToreuLot avateOappjKacw. é€k TovTOU 
€Ou e a ol: @vo / Ol be > \ n 3 1) 1 > 

vovTo ol oTpaTny pévois O€ él TH apodw! ovK 


1 departure. 


Eby 4 GREEK AT SIGHT. 


3 \ / 7 
eylyveTo Ta iepd. TavTHY méev odV THY Ipépay ETTAVCAaYTO. 
, , / , id £ — lal is \ 
Kai Ties eTOAM@V Aéyetv OS 0 Zevodav Bovropevos TO 
\ 
xeoplov oixicar) mérevke” Tov mavTW héyew ws TA lepa ov 
ylyverat ert apod@. évtedOev knpvEas TH avptov Trapeivat 
> \ \ / \ U ” AY 43. nw rn 
emt THV Oucliav Tov Bovropevor, EOvEe* Kai évTav0a Taphaoav 
Todo. Ovopévm S€ Tari els Tpls emt TH aP0dd ovK 
4 an an 
eylyveto Ta lepd. €k TOUTOV yahETAS Elyov oi OTPATLATAL* 
\ \ NV ’ / ’ / A > Nad \ 
Kai yap Ta ériTnOELa aTrédiTrev & ExoVTES HAOOv, Kal ayopa 


ovdemia Taphy. 


GREEK HISTORY. is 


GREEK HISTORY. 
1876. 

1. Give the dates, the opposed parties, and the immediate 
consequences, of the battles of Plataa, A“gospotami, Che- 
roneia. 

2. Give the date and character of the peace of Antalkidas. 

3. What is known of the life of Alkibiades ; of Philip of 
Macedon ; of Xenophon? 


1877. 
1. Narrate the revolt of the Ionic cities of Asia Minor 
against the Persian government. 
2. Who were the leading men at Athens in literature, art, 
and government, between 500 and 450 B.c.? 
3. When, and for how long, was the tyranny of the Thirty 
at Athens? By whom, mainly, was it overthrown? 


1878. 

1. What is known of Miltiades; of Kleon; of Aratus? 

2. Who were the chief men in Greek politics, philosophy, 
and art, between 400 and 300 B.c.? 

3. What are the prominent points in the history of Syra- 
cuse? 

1879. 

1. Give a brief account of Demaratos (the friend of 
Xerxes) ; of Brasidas; of Pelopidas. 

2. What events occasioned the outbreak of the Peloponne- 
sian war? Into what periods is it usually divided? What 
battle ended it? 

3. Narrate the history of Amphipolis and of Olynthos so 
far as they canie into connection with Athens. 


114 GREEK HISTORY. 


1880. 

Li Give a brief account of Peisistratos; of Alkibiades ; 
of /Eschines. 

2. Mention any events you recall between the Persian and 
Peloponnesian wars. 

3. Give the date and character of the peace of Antalkidas. 

4. Describe Philip’s aggressions, and give some reasons 
for the weakness of the resistance offered by Athens. 


1881. 


1. Give a brief account of Aristeides and of Brasidas. 


2. What is meant by the period of tyrants in Greek his- 
tory? Describe the rise and overthrow of some one of them. 

3. Describe the formation of the first Athenian confede- 
racy and the process of its change into an empire. 

4. Mention the principal battles (with dates) of Alexan- 
der’s invasion of Asia. What motive did he claim to have 
for his attack on the Persian king? What were the results 
of his career? 


1882. 


1. Give a brief account of the life of Miltiades; of De- 
mosthenes. 

2. What Greek states held the so-called hegemony, and 
at what different periods? What were the causes of the 
transfer of it which came at the close of the Persian wars? 

3. When was the peace of Antalkidas made, and what 
were its terms? 

4. Describe ostracism. Against what individuals is it 
known to have been put into effect? 


GREEK HISTORY. iis 


1883. 


1. Give some account of Kleisthenes ; of Xenophon. 

2. Tell what you know about Greek colonies: e.g., what 
was their relation to the mother city? to what countries were 
the earlier ones sent? why were most of them on insular or 
seaboard sites? how were they generally distributed accord- 
ing to tribe-connection? what great advantages resulted to 
Greece from them? how did they affect the people about 
them? name some of the most important. 

3. Tell the story of the Athenian expedition against Syra- 
kuse. 





SHEFFIELD SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL. 


REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION. 


(SHEFFIELD Scientrric SCHOOL.) 


Arithmetic: Fundamental Operations; Least Common Multiple; Greatest 
Common Divisor; Common and Decimal Fractions; Denominate Num- 
bers, including the Metric System of Weights and Measures; Percent- 
ages, including Interest, Discount, and Commission; Proportion; Extrac- 
tion of the Square and Cube Roots. 


Algebra: Fundamental Operations; Fractions; Equations of the First 
Degree, with one or several unknown quantities; Inequalities; Ratio 
and Proportion; Involution, including the Binomial Formula for an 
entire and positive Exponent; Evolution; the Reduction of Radicals; 
Equations of the Second Degree; Progressions; Permutations and Com- 
binations; the Method of Indeterminate Coefficients; Fundamental Prop- 
erties of Logarithms; Compound Interest. 


Geometry: Plane, Solid, and Spherical, including Fundamental Notions 
of Symmetry, and Examples of Loci and Maxima and Minima of Plane 
Figures. 


Trigonometry : Including the Analytical Theory of the Trigonometrical 
Functions and the usual Formule; the Construction and Use of Trigo- 
nometrical Tables, and the Solution of Plane Triangles, —so much, for 
example, as is contained in Newcomb’s Trigonometry to Art. 79, or in 
Wheeler’s or Richards’s Plane Trigonometry. 


Latin: Simple exercises in translating English into Latin. (Smith’s Prin- 
cipia Latina, Part I., and the First and Second Latin Books of the Ahn- 
Henn Latin series, are named as indicating the nature and extent of this 
requirement.) Cesar, Six Books of the Gallic War. 


History of the United States. 
Geography. 


English: Including Grammar, Spelling, and Composition. In Grammar, 
Whitney’s ‘‘ Essentials of English Grammar,”’ or an equivalent. 


ENTRANCE 


HXAMINATION PAPERS. 


(SHEFFIELD SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL.) 





ARITHMETIC. 
July, 1880. 


1. (a) Select the prime numbers between 1 and 50. 
(6) Find the prime factors of 6902. 


2 7 


3. Divide 0.10724 by 0.003125. 


1s. 2 Oa 
2. Find the value of oat in its simplest form. 


4. How many stones 10 in. long, 9 in. broad, and 4 in. 
thick, would it require to build a wall 80 ft. long, 20 ft. 
high, and 24 ft. thick, without mortar? 


5. The population of a certain town has gained 25 per 
cent within the last five years. It is now 6575; what was it 
five years ago? 


6. Extract the square root of 3369 to three places of 
decimals. 


r 


7. Give the approximate value of the meter in inches; of 
the gram in grains; of the kilogram in pounds avorrdupois 
of the liter in liquid quarts. 


8. What is the weight of a liter of pure water at its maxi- 
mum density ? 


120 ARITHMETIC. 


September, 1880. 
1. Reduce 5}5 and 54,5 to their least common denomina- 
tor; add the results, and express the sum decimally to four 
places. 


2. If 8 horses consume 3} t. of hay in 30 dys., how long 
will 4,% t. last 10 horses? 


3. A buys 9 per cent stocks at 25 per cent premium, and 
B buys 6 per cent stocks at 25 per cent discount; supposing 
dividends to be paid promptly, what rates of interest will 
they receive on their investments ? 


4. Calculate the square root of 2.064 to two places of 
decimals. 
5. Calculate the cube root of 3.3 to two places of decimals. 


6. How many hectoliters of grain will a bin hold whose 
interior length, width, and depth, are each 6 ft. 6 in. ? 


June, 1881. 


1. Ascertain whether the fraction 248 is in its lowest 
terms or not, and explain the process you employ. 


2. (a) Divide 54, by +}, and explain the process. 
(6) Can the quotient be exactly expressed by a termi- 
nating decimal? Give a reason for your answer. 


3. Divide 0.00309824 by 0.0376, and explain the position 
of the decimal point in the quotient. 


4. Ifa body revolves uniformly in the circumference of a 
circle at the rate of 12°15'25' per minute, how long is it 
in performing a.complete revolution? 


5. If 6 men, working uniformly at a certain rate, do a 
certain piece of work in 17 dys. of 9 hrs. each, how many 


ARITHMETIC. 121 


days of 8} hrs. each will 24 men, working uniformly at the 
same rate, require to do 20 such pieces? 


6. $5674.83 is 105 per cent of what sum? 


rod 


7. Extract the square root of 2.26 to three places of deci- 
mals. Show how you can derive from the square root of 
this number that of 0.0226. 


8. Find the weight in grams of a rectangular bar of gold 
14™ long, 24°" wide, and 2° thick, assuming the bar to be 
19 times as heavy as its own volume of pure water at its 
maximum density. 


September, 1881. 


1. Find the least common multiple of 1011, 1685, and 
2359. 


2. A man bought 16 horses and 19 cows for $1855. He 
paid upon the average ;5 as much for a cow as he did for a 
horse. What was the average price he paid per head for 
the horses ? 


3. Divide 0.006102 by 2.034, and explain the pean of 
the decimal point. 


4. Reduce 18,216 ft. to miles and decimals of a mile. 


_ 5. A company, whose capital is $275,000, has $15,125 
from its earnings to divide. What per cent dividend can it 
declare upon the basis of this sum? 


6. If a block of granite 8 ft. long, 2 ft. wide, and 1 ft. 6 in. 
thick, weigh 920 lbs., how much will a block of the same kind 
of granite weigh which is 12 ft. long, 3 ft. wide, and 2 ft 
thick ? 

7. Extract the cube root of 1.025 to three places of deci- 
mals. 


5 ARITHMETIC. 


8. (a) In 2.15°°™ how many cubic millimeters ? 
Reduce approximately 
(b) 600" to miles, and 
(c) 50® to grains. 


June, 1882. 
1. Find the greatest common divisor of 17,640 and 18,575. 


2. Find the least common multiple of the foregoing num- 
bers. 


3. Give the table of troy weights ; also the table of metric 
weights. Express the gram in grains, and the kilogram in 
pounds avoirdupois. 


9) 
4. Express = we * decimally to three places. 
58 


5. Of an ve containing 21 parts copper and 4 parts 
nickel, what per cent is copper and what per cent nickel? 

6. For what amount must a note, payable in 60 days, be 
given to a bank discounting at 6 per cent to obtain $500? 


Land 


7. If 16 men build 18 rds. of wall in 12 dys., how many 
men will be needed to build 72 rds. in 8 dys. ? 


8. Extract the square root of .001601 to four places. 


September, 1882. 


1. (a) Which of the numbers 293, 371, 385, 440, 524, 
617, and 715 are prime? 
(b) Separate 1836 into its prime factors. 


z ile 
2. Divide 4. of 121 by = of 8%. 


TT ‘ 


Ne 


3. Divide .000744 by .62, and explain the position of the 
Aecimal point in the quotient. 


ARITHMETIC. 1238 


4. In 80,937,864 sq. in. how many acres? 


5. QandY barter. Q makes of 10 cts. 123 cts., Y makes 
of 15 cts. 19 cts. ; which makes the most per cent, and how 
much? 


6. Three men harvested and thrashed a field of grain on 
shares, A furnishing 4 hands 5 dys., B 6 hands 4 dys., and 
C 5 hands 8 dys. The whole crop was 630 bu., of which 
they had one-fifth ; how much did each receive? 


— 


7. Extract the cube root of 81,°, to three decimal places. 


8. Bought 30™ of cloth at $2.50 per metre; at what price 
per yard must it be sold to gain $25? 


June, 1883. 


1. Find the greatest common divisor of 36,864 and 20,756. 


16 
3. (a) Give the table of metric weights. 


(b) A cubical cistern holds 1331"* of water; what is 
the length of an inner edge? 


4. Divide 67.56785 by 0.035, and multiply the result by {. 
Explain the position of the decimal point after division. 


Itiply 3 of 8 by 4 of 4. 
2. Multiply { of YF 


5. How much money should be received on a note of $1000, 
payable in 4 months, discounting at a bank where the interest 
is 6 per cent? 

6. If a man travel 117 miles in 15 days, employing only 
9 hours a day, how far would he go in 20 days, travelling 12 
hours a day? 


7. Extract the square root of 10 to five places. 


124 ARITHMETIC. 


September, 1883. 
1. (a) Select the prime numbers between 50 and 100. 
(6) What is the least number that can be exactly 
divided by by 7, 24, 5, 64, and 34? 
2. Reduce 0.00096 to its simplest equivalent common 
fraction. 
3. 7465 is 334 per cent of what number? 


4. A broker bought 84 shares of railroad stock at 19 per 
cent discount. He sold 35 shares at 27} per cent discount, 
and the balance at 8 per cent discount. Did he gain or lose, 
and how much? 

5. Calculate the cube root of 3.7 to five decimal places. 

6. Give the approximate value of the meter in feet; of 
the kilogram in pounds avoirdupois. 


7. Find the weight in kilos of 15 gallons of water. 


GEOMETRY. 125 


GEOMETRY. 
July, 1880. 


Norte 1. Candidates who present themselves for the whole examination 
may omit questions 2,3, and 5. Candidates who present themselves for 
the partial examination will confine themselves to the questions in Plane 
Geometry. 


Norse 2. State what text-book you have studied, and to what extent. 


I.— PLANE GEOMETRY. 


1. (a) Define the symmetry of a figure with respect to an 
axis and with respect to a point. 
(6) Prove that if a figure is symmetrical with respect 
to two axes perpendicular to each other, it is also symmetri- 
cai with respect to the intersection of these axes. 


2. An angle formed by a tangent and a chord is meas- 
ured by one-half the intercepted are. 


3. To bisect a given are or angle. 


4. (a) If a perpendicular be drawn from the vertex of the 
right angle to the hypothenuse of a right triangle, the two 
triangles thus formed are similar to each other and to the 
whole triangle. 

(6b) What can you say of the perpendicular as com- 
pared with the segments of the hypothenuse? Why? 


(c) What of either side about the right angle? Why? 
5. On a given straight line to construct a polygon similar 
to a given polygon? 
6. The circumferences of two circles are to each other as 
their radii, and their areas are to each other as the squares 
of their radii. 


126 GEOMETRY. 


II. —Sontp aND SPHERICAL GEOMETRY. 


7. If a straight line and a plane are parallel, the intersec- 
tion of the plane with planes passed through ‘the line are 
parallel to that line and to each other. 


8. Define a prism. Two prisms are equal, if three faces 
including a triedral angle of the one are respectively equal 
to three faces similarly placed including a triedral angle of 
the other. 

9. Every section of a sphere made by a plane is a circle. 


10. Between what two limits does the sum of the angles 
of a spherical triangle lie? Write expressions for the sur- 
face and volume of the cylinder, cone, and sphere. 


September, 1880. 
[State what text-book you have studied and to what extent. ] 
1. To draw a common tangent to two given circles. 


2. The bisector of an angle of a triangle divides the op- 
posite side into segments which are proportional to the adja- 
cent sides. 


3. The area of a parallelogram is equal to the product of 
its base and altitude. 


4. How do you find the area of a trapezoid? The areas 
of similar polygons are to each other in what ratio? Of all 
plane figures having the same area what one has the least 
perimeter ? 


5. If a straight line is perpendicular to each of two 
straight lines at their point of intersection, it is perpendicular 
to the plane of those lines. 

6. A triangular pyramid is one-third of a triangular prism 
of the same base and altitude. 


GEOMETRY. 127 


7. Define the terms, spherical excess and tri-rectangular 
triangle. The area of a spherical triangle is equal to its 
spherical excess (the right angle being the unit of angles, 
and the tri-rectangular triangle the unit of areas). 


June, 1881. 


Note 1. Candidates for examination on the whole of this subject 
should take the whole of this paper. Candidates for the first year’s par- 
tial examination should take the first part; those for the second year’s 
partial examination, the second part. 

Nore 2. State what text-book you have studied on the subject, and 
to what extent. 


I. — PLANE) GEOMETRY. 


1. Of two oblique lines drawn from the same point to the 
same straight line, that is the greater which cuts off upon the 
line the greater distance from the foot of the perpendicular. 
Corollaries. 


2. In any triangle the product of two sides is equal to the 
product of the diameter of the circumscribed circle by the 
perpendicular let fall upon the third side from the vertex of 
the opposite angle. 


3. Two sides of a triangle and the angle opposite to one 
of them being given, to construct the triangle. 


4. The area of a circle is equal to half the product of its 
circumference by its radius. 


5. Calculate the area of a circle whose radius is 10 ft. 


IIl.— Sorip AND SPHERICAL GEOMETRY. 


6. The sum of any two face angles of a triedral angle is 
ereater than the third. 


7. If the base of a cone is a circle, every section of the 
cone made by a plane parallel to the base is a circle. 


128 GEOMETRY. 


8. Calculate the area in square feet of a spherical triangle 
on a sphere whose radius is 10 ft., the angles of the triangle 
being 70°, 80°, and 120°. 


9. Calculate the area of a zone on the sphere whose radius 
is 30 ft., the altitude of the zone being 3 ft. 


10. Write expressions for the surface and volume of a 
cone of revolution. 


September, 1881. 


[State what text-book you have studied on the subject, and to what extent.] 


1. Through any three points not in the same straight line 
a circumference can be made to pass, and but one. 


2. If three or more straight lines drawn through the same 
point intersect two parallels, the corresponding segments of 
the parallels are proportional. 


3. To find the locus of all the points whose distances from 
two given points are in a given ratio. 


4, Define the term limit. Prove that the circumference 
of a circle is the limit to which the perimeters of the in- 
scribed and circumscribed regular polygons approach when 
the number of their sides is increased indefinitely. — 


5. (a) When is a straight line said to be perpendicular to 
a plane? (6) How do you measure the diedral angles in- 
cluded between two intersecting planes? 
(c) Prove that if a straight line is perpendicular to a 
plane, every plane passing through the line is also perpen- 
dicular to that plane. 


6. The volume of any parallelopiped is equal to the prod- 
uct of its base by its altitude. 


GEOMETRY. 129 


7. If two triangles on the same sphere are mutually equi- 
angular, they are also mutually equilateral; and are either 
equal or symmetrical. 


8. The lateral area of a frustum of a cone of revolution is 
equal to the half sum of the circumferences of its bases mul- 
tiplied by its slant height. 


June, 1882. 


Nore 1. Candidates for examination in this subject as a whole, should 
take the whole of this paper; those for the first year’s partial examination, 
the first part of it; those for the second year’s partial examination, the 
second part. 


Nore 2. State at the head of your paper what text-book you have stud- 
ied on the subject, and to what extent. 
1. (@) Define and illustrate the symmetry of a figure with 
reference to an axis and with reference to a point. 
(6) Define the different classes and species of quadri- 
laterals. 


2. The three medial lines of a triangle meet in a point 
which is at two-thirds the distance from the vertex of each 
angle to the middle of the opposite side. 


3. To inscribe a circle in a given triangle. Define escribed 
circles relative to a triangle. 


4. The bisector of an interior angle of a triangle divides 
the opposite side into segments proportional to the adjacent 
sides. 

5. When is a variable magnitude said to have a limit? 
Give an example to illustrate the definition. 


6. If two sides of a triangle be given, its area will be a 
maximum when these sides are at right angles. 


7. Ifa straight line is perpendicular to each of two straight 
lines at their point of intersection, it is perpendicular to the 
plane of these lines. 


130 GEOMETRY. 


8. Define symmetrical polyhedral angles. Illustrate the 
definition by a figure. 


9. Define the poles of a circle of a sphere. Prove that all 
points on the circumference of a circle of a sphere are equally 
distant from each of its poles. 


10. The angle between two great circles is equal to the 
diedral angle between their planes. 


September, 1882. 
[State what text-book you have studied, and to what extent. ] 


1. An inscribed angle is measured by one-half its inter- 
cepted are. 


2. From a given point without a circle to draw a tangent 
to the circle. 


3. To construct a triangle which shall be equal in area to 
a given quadrilateral. 


4. The diameters of two concentric circles being 10 and 
6 feet, required the area of the ring contained between their 
circumferences. 


5. The sum of any two face angles of a triedral angle is 
greater than the third. 


6. The lateral area of a frustum of a regular pyramid is 
equal to its slant height into half the sum of the perimeters 
of its bases. 

7. Write expressions for the volume of the sphere and 
right cylinder. Show that the volume of a sphere is to that 
of its circumscribed cylinder as 2 to 3. 

8. Required the area of a spherical triangle described on 
a sphere, whose diameter is 30 feet, the angles being 140°, 
92°, and 68°. 


GEOMETRY. Tak 


June, 1883. 


Nore 1.—Candidates for examination on the whole of this subject 
should take the whole of this paper. Candidates for the first year’s partial 
examination should take the first part; those for the second year’s partial 
examination, the second part. 

Nore 2,— State what text-book you have studied, and to what extent. 


I.— PLANE GEOMETRY. 


1. (a) Define the symmetry of a figure with respect to a 
point and with respect to an axis. 

(b) Determine the symmetrical figure of a triangle 
with respect to a point lying within and with respect to an 
axis cutting the triangle. 

2. The three perpendiculars from the vertices of a triangle 
to the opposite sides meet in the same point. 

3. To construct a polygon similar to a given polygon, the 
ratio of similitude of the two polygons being given. 

4. (a) What is the area of a circle circumscribed about a 
square whose side is a? 

(6) What must be the diameter of a circle in order 
that the length of its circumference may be 100 feet? 

5. To find the locus of the point from which a given line 
subtends a right angle. 

6. Of all triangles having the same base and equal areas, 
that which is isosceles has the minimum perimeter. 


II.— Sori aND SPHERICAL GEOMETRY. 


7. Between two lines not in the same plane, one, and 
only one, common perpendicular can be drawn. 

8. All parallelopipeds having the same base and equal 
altitudes are equal in volume. 

9. Show that opposite spherical triangles are symmetrical. 
If two symmetrical spherical triangles are isosceles, they are 
identically equal. 


182 GEOMETRY. 


10. Write expressions for the lateral area and volume of 
the prism and regular pyramid: also for the entire surface 
and volume of the right cylinder and sphere. 


September, 1883. 

[State what text-book you have studied, and to what extent.] 

1. Every point in the bisector of an angle is equally 
distant from the sides of the angle; and every point within 
the angle, but not on the bisector, is nearer that side toward 
which it lies. 

2. If the sum of two opposite angles of a quadrilateral is 
equal to two right angles, the vertices of the four angles lie 
on a circle. 

3. (a) Write expressions for the area of the triangle, 
parallelogram, trapezoid, and circle. 

(>) The areas of similar figures are to each other in 
what ratio? 

(c) How would you find the area of any quadrilateral ? 

4. (a) When is a variable magnitude said to have a 
limit? Give an example to illustrate the definition. 

(6) Apply the theory of limits to show that the area 
of acirele is equal to half the product of its cireumference 
by its radius. 

5. If from any point perpendiculars be dropped upon two 
intersecting planes, the angle between these perpendiculars 
will be equal to the dihedral angle between the planes, ad- 
jacent to the angle in which the point is situated. 

6. The area of a spherical triangle is proportional to its 
spherical excess. 

7. Required the entire surface and volume of a right cone 
whose altitude is 12 feet, and the diameter of its base 15 
feet. 

8. The radius of a sphere is bisected at right angles by a 
plane. What is the ratio of the two parts into which the 
plane divides the spherical surface ? 


ALGEBRA. ihs'3) 


ALGEHBRA. 
July, 1880. 
[State what text-book you have studied, and to what extent.] 


ie 


1. Resolve the following expressions into factors, 


16a*b? — 24a2bma + 9m?a?; Ia?b?—16eC; a®— 8b. 
’ 














a6 Given. = + ee and spe ic ea 
Cea and (ere a—b a—b a+b a—b a+b 
3. Given Va—2+vVb—2= ee to find a. 
Vb—2 
4. (a) From 2-V/72a? take V162 a’. 
(b) Find the value of V2 x V3 x V5. 
(c) Divide 8a—b by 2a! —3!. 
4 : 2h a’ b 
d)-Simplity {—( > 
(d) Simplify eye, 
5. Given SZ + 42—8>3 and Gace ee 18, to find 


a superior and inferior limit of a. 


10& 


+ 
bo 
2 
| 
bo 


6. Given 





— ——— = 3, to find the values of 2. 
a—2 a#+2 


7. Given 2 +ay= ay? +2y =), to find a and y. 


te oe oe : 
8. Expand ear TLos into a series by the method of inde- 


terminate coefficients. 


154 ALGEBRA. 


9. The number of permutations of n things, 3 together, is 
6 times the number of combinations, 4 together; find ». 
Nore. — The first division of the paper extends as far as Quadratic 


Equations, and will be all that is required of candidates who propose to 
pass the partial examination only. 


September, 1880. 


Av ae 2 5 
feeder py ee 
a” — 2 ba + b° a—b 
a+t4b_ 2a—3b 
m+xu 3s3m—y 





2. Given 
and 7. 


3. 3/14 —9 4/11 —¢= 


and 5aa—2by=c, to find a 





pte, to find a. 
VWilt== 





4. Simplify V24 +-V54 —V6; Ee 
aVaxbVyxcVz; (V—1)*; (W—1)% 
5. Extract the square root of 
494 +-16 at —12 aa? — 24 a®a + 25 a*27. 
6. Solve the equation 3a? + 2a—9= 76. 


= ab a(thee.* (0r a 
7. If t=74=4... =—=r7, show that 
Ds b,, 

(ty +g +g + ++ +4, 


By + byt by + +e 4 6" 


8. Having the first term (a), the ratio (7), and the last 
term (1), of a geometric progression, find the sum (s), and 





the number (x) of the terms. 








9. Expand — into a series by the binomial formula. 


V a? + a? 


10. Solve the equations a” = 7° and a? = 7’. 


ALGEBRA. 135 


June, 1881. 


Nore 1.— Candidates for examination in this subject, as a whole, should 
take the whole of this paper; those for the first year’s partial examination, 
the first part of it; those for the second year’s partial examination, the 
second part. 

Nore 2.—State at the head of your paper what text-book you have 
studied on the subject, and to what extent. 


I: 


1. Find the greatest common divisor of 
5a’ +10a1b +505? and ab + 24076? + 2ab* + dO. 
LO — (2) aa a 


2. Given m +p m—p m—p 





— kx, to find a. 


3. Two masons, A and B, propose to build a wall. If 
both work together, they can finish it in 12 dys.; but if A 
work 2 dys. and B 3 dys., they will complete only one-fifth 
of the job. How long will it take each of them separately 
to do the work? 


4, (a) Reduce Y/a, Vb, Vc, to the same index. 
(>) Simplify the following expressions : 
(1) V8 a/amd : 
(2) 4V/48 + -V147— 4-712 ; 





(2)? (9)?3)? 
(3) (ay8 caytcoy® 
(3)* (4)? (2) 
as 1294 + 
5. Given ye icine erage aes ieee to find a. 

V8a+8 

iN 

36 —2 


6. Given 4a — - “= 46, to find a. 





7. Determine by inspection the roots of the equation, 
a —(a+b)e+(a+c)(b—c)=0, 
and state the principle upon which you do so. 


136 ALGEBRA. 


8. Given ay +ay?=a and 2’y — ay’ = b, to find @ and y. 


9. Expand (a? +5°)* to four terms by the binomial for- 
mula. 


10. Show that the modulus of any system of logarithms 
is equal to the reciprocal of the Naperian logarithm of the 
base of the system; and also that it is equal to the loga- 
rithm of the Naperian base taken in the system. 


September, 1881. 


[State what text-book you have studied on the subject, and to what extent. ] 


1. Resolve a’ — b® into four factors. 


| 4 
2. Given ——+ —=4 and ata to find w and y. 


3. Simplify the following expressions : 
(0) (@)*s_ (e) Vals 


v2 
(f) rr 
‘7 a v2 
4. Resolve the trinomial 2 + 2a2—120 into its binomial 
factors. 











(4) V¥saw; ) 


V3a®—14+V3— 2? _ 


5. Given — , to find 2. 
ee ee ) 








6. Given 5a°+ 27 = 22 and 32°—5y7=7, to find x 
and 7. 


7. A ball rolls down an inclined plane, deseribing 1 ft. the 
first second, 3 ft. the second, and so on. How far will it go 
in 10 see., and how far in the tenth seeond ? 


ALGEBRA. 1357 


-_ 


8. If the population of a certain city is now 10,000, and it 
increases at the annual rate of 10 per cent for the next 10 
yrs., what will it be at the end of that time? [Given (1.1)” 
== 2.5937+-. | 


2+352. ; ‘ 
9. Expand es into a series by the method of indeter- 
5a 


minate coeflicients. 


10. Find the number of combinations of 10 things taken 
4 together, and also taken 6 together. 


June, 1882. 


Nore 1.— Candidates for examination in this subject, as a whole, should 
take the whole of this paper; those for the first year’s partial examination, 
the first part of it; those for the second year’s partial examination, the 


second part. 
Nore 2.—State at the head of your paper what text-book you have 


studied on the subject, and to what extent. 


ie 
1. Resolve z+ 8y’ into two factors. 


PRE pnt es OAS ca, to find the value of x. 
a+b a—b 
3. There are three workmen, A, B,C. A and B together 
can perform a certain piece of work in a days; A and C to- 
gether, in ) days; and B and C together, in ¢ days. In 
what time could each singly perform it, and in what time 


could they finish it if all worked together? 
4. Prove that if 
Oot ae) Gyaetaek Gs, - 
Bins Os) Ds by tbo tbs 
5. (a) Write equivalent expressions for the following : 


fae 
Ge Gea. 


138 ALGEBRA. 


(b) Reduce the following expressions to simpler forms : 


(1) V45e—V80284+V5eC; 


2n\ p 
2 a m zn s 
® |G) 


(3) 4VEx 2VE. 





a. 
6. Given 32?+2=7, to find a. 
Niger Ean see ae Leet =". to find a. 


~I 


Given 

8. eae a’ + y? = 6°; to find # and y. 

9. Expand ae into a series by the method of inde- 
—3a 


terminate coefficient. 


10. Write equivalent expressions adapted to computa- 
tion for the following : 


(a) log (‘ >) (b) log Va? — 





September, 1882. 


[State what text-book you have studied, and to what extent.] 





a — bt - by a? + ba 
x” + 2 ba + 0D x—b 
product in its simplest form. 


1. Multiply , so as to obtain the 


Beis y— a 
2. Given = 





3. Given V4a+a=2V) ye: to find a. 


4. Write the 6th power of (a —2b) by the binomial for- 
mula. 


ALGEBRA. 159 
5. Simplify the following expressions : 
(a) ("5 @) eee S2m’n® (0) V36a7e; 
(d) V8 +50 ne os 3aVb x 5D 2. 





6. Solve the equation 62° —13a+6=0, and resolve the 
first member into its factors. 


7. Givena+y=p and zy=4’, to find 2 and y. 


8. A traveller has a journey of 132 miles to perform. He 
goes 27 m. the first day, 24 m. the second, and so on, travel- 
ling 3 m. less each day than the day before. In how many 
days will he complete the journey? 


9. What is the present value of a dollars due n years 
hence, at ¢ per cent compound interest ? 


10. How many distinct straight lines can be drawn in 
joining, two and two, five distinct points, no three of which 
are in the same straight line? 


June, 18838. 


Note 1. Candidates for examination in this subject, as a whole, should 
take the whole of this paper; those for the first year’s partial examination, 
the first part of it; those for the second year’s partial examination, the 
second part. 

Nore 2. State at the head of your paper what text-book you have 
studied, and to what extent. 


1g 
1. Reduce to their simplest forms the fractions, 
(a) _ac+bd+ad + be_ ; (bd) an” — iE aiid 
af+2ba+2ax+bf’ be = ae 


2. Given 2 = Sol ara sl — be =ae — 3ba, to find x. 
a 


140 ALGEBRA. 


3. A sum of money, at simple interest, amounted in m 
years to a dollars, and in x years to 6 dollars. Find the sum 
and the rate of interest. 


a—y 


4. Prove that if ! ie and m is positive, then 
m y 


LV<y. 





5. (a) Simplify (a7b*)' + (a@’c*)3. 
(b) Extract the square root of 6 hm" +h? +9m™. 


iN iy, lis ae 
(c) Reduce Y= Bate ma iga 
/ 2 ee 
with a rational denominator. 


to an equivalent fraction 





II. 
6. Given 152? — 20a = 35, to find x. 
Tatiana ae cee (a — 2)*, to find w. 
a — Va? —9 


8. Given a — ay = 48, and ay — y?= 12, to find x and y. 


9. The number of permutations of n things taken 7 to- 
gether is equal to 10 times the number when taken r—1 
together ; and the number of combinations of ” things taken r 
together is to the number when taken 7 — 1 together as 5 to 
33; required the value of n and r. 





3+22. : - 
10. Expand = = into a series of ascending powers of a 
5+72 


by the method of indeterminate coefficients. (Four terms of 
the series will be suflicient.) 


DRIGONOMETRY. 143 


6. In a triangle ABC, given a= 309, b= 450, and A= 
27° 50', to first determine whether the triangle admits of 
more than one solution, and then solve it. 


June, 1881. 


[State what text-book you have studied on the subject, and to what extent. ] 


1. Write the values of the different trigonometric func- 
tions for angles of 0°, 90°, 180°, 270°, 300°. 


2. Write the simplest equivalent expressions for 


sin (5-2) cos G+) tan ($7—a), sin(27—a). 


2 


3. Write the fundamental formule connecting two or 
more of the trigonometric functions of the same angle, and 
deduce any two of them. 


; m . 
4. Given tana =—, to find sina and cosa. 
n 


5. Deduce the formule, 
cos2a=1—2sin’a; sinta=~V1(1— cosa). 

6. Prove that tan-'4+ tan'4= 

7. In a plane triangle the side a is 4575, the side 6 is 
5656.7, and the angle B (opposite b) is 125° 25'; find the 
remaining parts of the triangle. 

September, 1881. 

[State what text-book you have studied on the subject, and to what extent. ] 

1. Find the angle 1.8 in degrees. 


2. Calculate the different functions of - and 417. 


3. Represent the different trigonometric functions of an 
angle in the second quadrant by lines. 


144 TRIGONOMETRY. 


4. Deduce the formula, 
cos a4 — cos b = — 2sin} (a+b) sind(a—bd), 
a and b being any angles. 
: m ' 
5. Given tané= = to find the value of 
/ 
m cos 26+ n sin 26. 
6. Ina triangle A BC, given the sides a, b, and ¢, respec- 
tively, opposite the angles A, B, and C, as follows : 
a=766.3, b= 672, c= 565.05, to find the angle A. 


June, 1882. 
[State what text-book you have studied on the subject, and to what extent.] 
1. Define the different trigonometric functions of an 
angle. 


2. Give the algebraic sign of each function of an angle 
terminating in each of the four quadrants. 


3. Show that sin (7 +a) = — sina; and that cos (27 — a) 
= COs a. 


4. Find the formula for tan (a+) in terms of tana and 
tan 8. Find also the formula for tan 2a in terms of tana. 


5. Given 2a tan é sing —2a cos9é+b=0, to find 6. 


6. Given two sides of a plane triangle 180 and 100, and 
the angle opposite the former 127° 33", to find the other parts. 


September, 1882. 
[State what text-book you have studied, and to what extent.] 


1. Find the number of degrees in the angle subtended at 
the centre of a circle whose radius is 10 ft. by an are 9 in. 
long. 


TRIGONOMETRY. 145 


2. Determine all the functions of the following angles : 


7) - 72 
30°, L RT, JOE. 


3. Given the functions of any angle to find the functions 
of half that angle. 


4. Given tan@= m to find the value of sin 26. 
n 


2 
5. Show that 2tan-la = tan-!—~. 


vy 


a 





6. In a plane triangle, given a=100, c= 200, and B= 
112°30', to find the remaining parts. 


June, 1883. 
1. Explain the circular measure of an angle. Express an 
angle of 1.5 in degrees. 
2. Give the algebraic signs of the trigonometric functions 
for angles terminating in each of the four quadrants, and the 


values of the functions of 0, a Tr, =. 


3. State some of the fundamental relations existing be- 
tween the different functions of the same angle. 

4. Find an angle whose tangent is double its sine. 

5. Write the different formulae which serve to solve right- 
angled triangles, and explain their application. 

6. Find a formula for expressing sin $a in terms of cos a. 

7. Ifa, b, and care the sides of a triangle, and a the angle 
opposite the side a, show that 

a? = b? + c? — 2bc cos a. 

Also state any application you have made of this formula. 

8. In a triangle given A= 32°, a=40, b=850, to find 
one solution of the triangle. Is there more than one? If so, 
how do you recognize the fact? 


146 TRIGONOMETRY. 


September, 1883, 
1. Express an angle of 75° in radians. 


2. Express each of the functions of € + «) by a function 
of a. 


3. Form a general expression for all angles which have 
the same cosine. 


4. What must the value of the cosine be in order that the 
tangent may be n times the sine? 


5. To find a formula for the tangent of the sum of two 
angles in terms of the tangents of the angles; and from this 
formula to derive an expression for the tangent of twice an 
angle in terms of the tangent of the angle. 


6. In a triangle ABC, given the angle A = 118° 04’, and 


the adjacent sides, b= 960, and c= 1686, to find the remain- 
ing angles and side of the triangle. 


10 


15 


LATIN. 147 


vA TEN. 
July, 1880. 


Translate as literally as possible : — 


a. Quum ea ita sint, tamen, si obsides ab iis sibi den- 
tur, uti ea, quae polliceantur, facturos intelligat, et si 
Aeduis de injuriis, quas ipsis sociisque eorum intulerint, 
item si Allobrogibus satisfaciant, sese cum iis pacem esse 
facturum. Divico respondit: Ita Helvetios a majoribus 
suis institutos esse, uti obsides accipere, non dare, con- 
suerint ; ejus rei populum Romanum esse testem. 

b. Ibi vadis repertis partem suarum copiarum trans- 
ducere conati sunt, eo consilio, uti, si possent, castellum, 
cui praeerat Quintus Titurius legatus, expugnarent, pon- 
temque interscinderent; si minus potuissent, agros Re- 
morum popularentur, qui magno nobis usi ad bellum 
gerendum erant, commeatuque nostros prohiberent. 

c. Impeditis hostibus propter ea, quae ferebant, onera, 
subito quabus portis eruptionem fieri jubet. Factum est 
opportunitate loci, hostium inscientia ac defatigatione, 
virtute militum, et superiorem pugnarum exercitatione, ut 
ne unum quidem nostrorum impetum ferrent ac statim 
terga verterent. 

d. Dum in his locis Caesar navium parandarum causa 
moratur, ex magna parte Morinorui ad eum legati vene- 
runt, qui se de superioris temporis consilio excusarent, 
quod homines barbari ct nostrae consuetudinis imperiti 
bellum populo Romano fecissent, seque ea, quae impe- 
rasset, facturos pollicerentur. 

e. Britanniae pars interior ab iis incolitur, quos natos 
in insula ipsi memoria proditum dicunt; maritima pars 
ab iis, qui praedae ac belli inferendi causa ex Belgis 
transierant; qui omnes fere iis nominibus civitatum ap- 


145 LATIN. 


30 pellantur, quibus orti ex civitatibus co pervenerunt, et, 
bello illato, ibi permanserunt atque agros colere coepe- 
runt. 

J. Ambiorix copias suas judicione non conduxerit, 
quod proclio dimicandum non existimarit, an tempore 

35 exclusus et repentino equitum adventu prohibitus, quuin 
reliquum ewercitum subsequi crederet, dubium est; sed 
certe dimissis per agros nuntiis sibi quemque consulere 
jussit. 

II. 1. Decline obsides (1), majoribus (5), loct (16). 

2. Compare imperiti (23), interior (26), certe (37). 

3. Write the synopsis, active and passive, of intelligat (2). 

4. State the mood and tense of the following: consuerint 
(6), praeerat (10), ferrent (18), imperasset (24), ewisti- 
marit (34). 

5. Give the principal parts of the following: polliceantur 
(2), repertis (8), interscinderent (11), gerendum (13), verte- 
rent (19), incolitur (26), orti (30), colere (31), existimarit 
(54), exclusus (35), erederet (36), consulere (37). 

6. State the construction of all italicized words. 

7. Define indirect statement (oratio obliqua), and quote 
an example from the above text. 

8. Convert into direct statement (oratio directa) the 
example quoted in answer to question seventh. 


September, 1880. 


I. Translate as literally as possible : — 

a. Eadem secreto ab aliis quaerit; reperit esse vera: 
Ipsum esse Dumnorigem, summa audacia, magna apud 
plebem propter liberalitatem gratia, cupidum rerum 
novyarum: complures annos portoria reliquaque omnia 


10 


15 


35 


Jas 


LATIN. 149 


Aeduorum vectigalia parvo pretio redempta habere, 
propterea quod, illo licente, contra liceri audeat nemo. 

b. Quum ab his quaereret, quae civitates, quantaeque 
in armis essent et guid in bello possent, sic reperiebat : 
Plerosque Belgas esse ortos ab Germanis, Rhenumque 
antiquitus transductos propter loci fertilitatem ivi conse- 
disse, Gallosque, qui ea loca incolerent, expulisse. 

e. His rebus gestis, quum omnibus de cansis Caesar 
pacatam Galliam existimaret, superatis Belgis, expulsis 
Germanis, victis in Alpibus Sedunis, atque ita inita 
hieme in Illyricum profectus esset, quod eas quoque 
nationes adire et regiones cognoscere volebat, subitum 
bellum in Gallia coortum est. 

d. Germanico bello confecto, multis de causis Caesar 
statuit sibi Rhenum esse transeundum; quarum illa fuit 
justissima, quod, quum videret Germanos tam facile im- 
pelli, ut in Galliam venirent, suis quoque rebus eos timere 
voluit, quum intelligerent et posse et audere  populi 
Romani exercitwum Rhenum transire. 

e. Utuntur aut aere aut taleis ferreis ad certum pondus 
examinatis pronummo. Nascitur ibi plumbum album in 
mediterraneis regionibus, in maritimis ferrwm, sed ejus 
exigua est copia; aere utuntur importato. Materia 
cujusque generis, ut in Gallia, est, praeter fagum atque 
abietem. 

f. Ace fuit antea tempus, quum Germanos Galli virtute 
superarent, ultro bella inferrent, propter hominum multi- 
tudinem agrique inopiam trans Rhenum colonias mitte- 
rent. Itaque ea, quae fertilissima Germaniae sunt, loca 
circum Hercyniam silvain, Volcae Tectosages, occupave- 
runt atque ibi consederunt. 


1. Decline vectigalia (5), ea (11), hieme (15). 


99 


2. Compare parvo (5), facile (20), fertilissima (33 


150 LATIN. 


3. Write the synopsis, active and passive, of habere (5). 

4. State the mood and tense of the following: reperit (1), 
audeat (6), videret (20), superarent (31), inferrent (31). 

5. Give the principal parts of the following: quaerit (1), 
reperit (1), audeat (6), incolerent (11), coortum (17), con- 
fecto (18), impelli (20-21), videret (20), intelligerent (22), 
nascitur (25), consederunt (35). 

6. State the construction of all italicized words. 


7. Define indirect statement (oratio obliqua), and quote 
an example from the above text. 


8. Convert into direct statement (oratio directa) the 
example quoted in answer to question seventh. 


June, 1881. 
I. Translate as literally as possible : — 

a. Ei legationi Ariovistus respondit: Si quid ipsi a 
Caesare opus esset, sese ad eum venturum fuisse ; si quid 
ille se velit, illum ad se venire oportere. Praeterea se 
neque sine exercitu in eas partes Galliae venire audere, 

5 quas Caesar possideret, neque exercitum sine magno 
commeatu atque molimento in unum locum contrahere 
posse. 

b. Hae re statim Caesar per speculatores cognita, in- 
sidias veritus, quod, qua de causa discederent, nondum 

10 perspexerat, exercitum equitatumque castris continuit. 
Prima luce, confirmata re ab exploratoribus, omnem 
equitatum, qui novissimum agmen moraretur, praemisit. 

c. Erant ejusmodi fere situs oppidorum, ut posita in 
extremis lingulis promontoriisque, neque pedibus aditum 

15 haberent, quum ex alto se aestus incitavisset, quod bis 
accidit semper horarum viginti quattuor spatio, neque 
navibus, quod rursus minuente aestu naves in vadis 
afflictarentur. 


LATIN. 152 


d. Quod ubi Caesar comperit, omnibus his rebus con- 
20 fectis, quarum rerum causa transducere exercitum con- 
stituerat, ut Germanis metum injiceret, ut Sigambros 
ulcisceretur, ut Ubios obsidione liberaret, diebus omnino 
decem et octo trans Rhenum consumptis, satis et ad 
laudem et ad utilitatem profectum arbitratus, se in Galliam 

25 recepit pontemque rescidit. 

e. Nostri, acriter in eos impetu facto, repulerunt, neque 
finem seguendi fecerunt, quoad subsidio confisi equites, 
quum post se legiones viderent, praecipites hostes egerunt, 
magnoque eorum numero interfecto, neque sui colligendi 

30 neque consistendi aut ex essedis desiliendi facultatem 
dederunt. 

f. At in ejusmodi difficultatibus, quantum diligentia 
provideri poterat, providebatur, ut potius in nocendo 
aliquid praetermitteretur, etsi omnium animi ad wleiscen- 

35 dum ardebant, quam cum aliquo militum detrimento 
noceretur. 


II. 1. Decline situs (13), pedibus (14), vadis (17). 

2. Compare prima (11), acriter (26), potius (33). 

3. Write the synopsis, active and passive, of perspex- 
erat (10). 

4. State the mood and tense of the following: velit (3), 
moraretur (12), accidit (16), viderent (28), dederunt (31). 

5. Give the principal parts of the following: respon- 
dit (1), audere (4), contrahere (6), veritus (9), continuit (10), 
moraretur (12), posita (13), comperit (19), ulcisceretur (22), 
recepit (25), rescidit (25), confisi (27). 

6. State the construction of all italicized words. 

7. Define indirect statement (orutio obliqua), and quote 
an example from the above text. 

8. Convert into direct statement (oratio directa) the 
example quoted in answer to question seventh. 


or 


10 


15 


2 LATIN. 


September, 1881. 
Translate as literally as possible : — 

a. Eodem die ab exploratoribus certior factus hostes 
sub monte consedisse millia passwum ab ipsius eastris 
octo, qualis esset natura montis et qualis in cireuitu 
ascensus, qui cognoscerent, misit. Renuntiatum est, 


Jacilem esse. De tertia vigilia Titum Labienum, legatum 


pro praetore, cum duabus legionibus et iis ducibus, qui 
iter cognoverant, summum jugum montis ascendere jubet. 

b. Hoe proelio facto et prope ad internecionem gente 
ac nomine Nerviorum redacto, majores natu, quos una 
cum pueris mulieribusque in cestuaria ac paludes collectos 
dixeramus, hac pugna nuntiata, quum victoribus nihil 
impeditum, victis nihil tutum arbitrarentur, omnium, qui 
supererant, consensu legatos ad Caesarem miserunt seque 
ei dediderunt. 

c. Hostes undique circumyenti, desperatis omnibus 
rebus, se per munitiones dejicere et fuga salutem petere 
intenderunt. Quos equitatus apertissimis campis consec- 
tatus, ex millium quinquaginta numero, quae ex Aquitania 
Cantabrisque convenisse constabat, vix quarta parte 
relicta, multa nocfe se in castra recepit. 

d. Reliquum exercitum Quinto Titurio Sabino et Lucio 
Aurunculeio Cottae, /egatis, in Menapios atque in eos 
pagos Morinorum, ab quibus ad eum legati non venerant, 
ducendum dedit. Publium Sulpicium Rufum legatum, 
cum eo praesidio quod satis esse arbitrabatur, portum 
tenere jussit. 

e. Equites hostium essedariique acriter proelio cum 
equitatu nostro in itinere conflixerunt, ita tamen ut nostri 
omnibus partibus superiores fuerint atque eos in silvas col- 
lesque compulerint ; sed, compluribus interfectis, cupidius 
insecuti nonnullos ex suis amiserunt. 


LATIN. Loe 


f. Cum his esse hospitium Ambiorigi sciebat ; item per 
Treviros venisse German's in amicitiam cognoyerat. Haec 
prius ?//i detrahenda auxilia existimabat, quam ipsum 

35 bello lacesseret; ne desperata salute aut se in Menapios 
abderet, aut cum Transrhenanis congredi cogeretur. 


II. 1. Decline millia (2), ducibus (6), jugum (7). 

2. Compare summum (7), tutum (12), cupidius (80). 

3. Write the synopsis, active and passive, of misit (4). 

4. State the mood and tense of the following: super- 
erant (13), intenderunt (17), recepit (20), tenere (26), com- 
pulerint (30). 

5. Give the principal parts of the following: ascendere 
(7), redacto (9), dediderunt (14), dejicere (16), petere (16), 
relicta (20), conflixerunt (28), compulerint (50), detrahenda 
(34), lacesseret (35), abderet (36), congredi (36). 

6. State the construction of all italicized words. 


7. Define indirect statement (oratio obliqua), and quote 
an example from the above text. 


8. Convert into direct statement (oratio directa) the 
example quoted in answer to question seventh. 


June, 1882. 


I. Translate as literally as possible : — 

a. Relinquebatur una per Sequanos via, qua, Sequinis 
invitis, propter angustias ire non poterant. His quuin 
su& sponte persuadere non possent. legatos ad Dumnori- 
gem Aeduum mittunt, ut eo deprecatore a Sequanis 
impetrarent. 


cr 


b. Nam quod ad hostes appropinquabat, consuwetudine 
sua Caesar sex legiones expeditas ducebat : post eas 


154 LATIN. 


10 


20 


to 
CU 


s 


totius exercitus impedimenta collocarat: inde duae le- 
giones, quae proxime conscriptae erant, totum agmen 
claudebant praesidoque impedimentis erant. 

ce. Erant hae difficultates belli gerendi, quas supra 
ostendimus, sed multa CaesaArem tamen ad id bellum 
incitabant: injuriae retentorum equitum Romanodrum, 
rebellio facta post deditionem, defectio datis obsidibus, 
tot civitatum conjuratio, imprimis, ne hac parte neglecta, 
reliquae nationes sibi idem licere arbitrarentur. 

d. Diebus decem, quibus materia coepta erat compor- 
tari, omni opere effecto, exercitus transducitur. Caesar 
ad utramque partem pontis firmo praesidio relicto, in fines 
Sigambrorum contendit. Interim a compluribus civitati- 
bus ad eum legati veniunt, guibus pacem atque amicitiam 
petentibus liberaliter respondit obsidesque ad se adduci 
jubet. 

e. Tune duces principesque Nervidrum, qui aliquem 
sermonis aditum causamque amicitiae cum Ciceréne 
habebant, colloqui sese velle dicunt. Facta potestate, 
eadem, quae Ambiorix cum Titurio egerat, commemo- 
rant: Omnem esse in armis Galliam, Germanos Rhenum 
transisse, Caesaris reliquorumque hiberna oppugnari. 

f. In omni Gallié eorum hominum, qui aliquo sunt 
numero atque honore, genera sunt duo; nam _ plebes 
paene servorum habetur loco, quae nihil audet per se, 
nullo adhibetur consilio. Plerique, quum aut aere alieno 
aut magnitudine tributorum aut injuria potentiorum 
premuntur, sese in servitutem dicant nobilibus: in hos 
sadem omnia sunt jura, guae dominis in servos. 


1. Decline wna (1), Sequanis (1), deprecatore (4). 
2. Compare proxime (9), multa (12), jirmo (19). 


3. Write the synopsis, active and passive, of relinque- 


batur (1). 


LATIN. 155 


4. State the mood and tense of the following: impetra- 
rent (5), collocarat (8), ostendimus (12), contendit (20), 
egerat (27). 

5). Give the principal parts of the following: persuadere 
(5), mittunt (4), claudebant (10), retentorum (13), neglecta 
(15). respondit (22), colloqui (26), velle (26), audet (82), 
adhibetur (53), premuntur (35), dicant (35). 

6. State the construction of all italicized words. 


7. Quote (in full) from the above text an example of 
indirect statement. 


8. Change into direct statement the example quoted in 
answer to question seventh. 


September, 1882. 


J. Translate as literally as possible : — 


a. Ob eas causas ei munitioni, quam fecerat, Titum 
Labienum legatum praefecit; ipse in Italiam magnis 
itineribus contendit duasque ibi legiones conscribit, et 
tres, quae circum Aquileiam hiemabant, ex  hibernis 

5 educit; et qua proximum iter in ulteriorem Galliam per 
Alpes erat, cum his quinque legionibus ire contendit. 

6. Quum se illi identidem in silvas ad suos reciperent 
ac rursus ex silva in nostros impetum facerent, neque 
nostri longius, quam quem ad finem porrecta loca aperta 

10 pertinebant, cedentes insequi auderent; interim legiones 
sex, quae primae venerant, opere dimenso castra munire 
coeperunt. 

c. Itaque Titum Labiénum legatum in Treviros, qui 
proximi flumini Rheno sunt, cum equitatu mittit.  2Zwic 

15 mandat, Remos reliquosque Belgas adeat atque in officio 
contineat, Germanosque, qui auvilio a Belgis arcessiti 
dicebantur, si per vim navibus flumen transire conentur, 
prohibeat. 


156 LATIN. 


d. Ipse eum omnibus copiis in Morinos proficiscitur, 
20 quod inde erat brevissimus in Britanniam trajectus. Hue 
naves undique ex finitimis regionibus et, quam superiore 
aestate ad Veneticum bellum effecerat, classem jubet con- 
venire. 
e. Cicéro ad haeec unum modo respondit: Non esse 
25 consuetudinem populi Romani accipere ab hoste armato 
conditionem: si ab armis discedere velint, se adjutore 
utantur legatosque ad Caesarem mittant: sperare pro 
ejus justitia, quae petierint, impetraturos. 
f. Nam fere de omnibus controversiis publicis priva- 
30 tisque constituunt; et si quod est admissum facinus, si 
caedes facta, si de haereditate, de finibus controversia 
est, iidem decernunt; praemia poenasque constituunt. 
Si qui aut privatus aut populus eorum decreto non stetit, 
sacrificiis interdicunt. Haec poena apud eos est gravis- 
35 sima. 


Il. 1. Decline munitioni (1), hibernis (4), et (1). 

2. Compare ulteriorem (5), primae (11), superiore (21). 

3. Write the synopsis, active and passive, of conscri- 
bit (3). 

4. State the mood and tense of the following: contendit 
(6), reciperent (7), wuderent (10), conentur (17), velint (26). 

5. Give the principal parts of the following: praefecit 
(2), contendit (6), porrecta (9), auderent (10), dimenso (11), 
conentur (17), jubet (22), petierint (28), constituunt (80), 
decernunt (32), stetit (53), interdicunt (34). 

6. State the construction of all italicized words. 

7. Quote (in full) from the above text an example of 
indirect statement. 

8. Change into direct statement the example quoted in 
answer to question seventh. 


I 


ol 


10 


LATIN. 157 


June, 1883. 


Translate as literally as possible : — 


a. Ubi de ejus adventu Helvetii certiores facti sunt, 
legatos ad eum mittunt, nobilissimos civitatis, cujus lega- 
tionis Nameius et Verudoctius principem locum obtine- 
bant, qui dicerent, s‘bi esse in animo sine ullo maleficio 
iter per provinciam facere, propterea quod aliud iter 
haberent nullum. 


b. Temporis tanta fuit exiguitas hostiumque tam paratus 
ad dimicandum animus, ut non modo ad insignia accom- 
modanda, sed etiam ad galeas induendas scutisque tegi- 
menta detrudenda tempus defuerit. Quam quisque ab 
opere in partem casu devenit, quaeque prima signa con- 
spexit, ad haec constitit, ne in quaerendis suis pugnandi 
tempus dimitteret. 


c. Hac re perspecta, Crassus, quum sua cunctatione 
atque opinione timoris hostes nostros milites alacriores ad 
pugnandum effecissent, atque omnium voces audirentur, 
exspecturt diutius non oportere, quin ad castra iretur, co- 
hortatus suos, omnibus cupientibus, ad hostium castra 
contendit. 


d. Genus hoc est ex essedis pugnae: primo per omnes 
partes perequitant et tela conjiciunt, atque ipso ferrore 
equorum et strepitu rotarum ordines plerumque pertur- 
bant, et quum se inter equitum turmas insinuaverunt, ex 
essedis desiliunt et pedibus proeliantur. 


e. Qua re animadversa, Ambiorix pronuntiari jubet, ut 
procul tela conjiciant, neu propius accedant, et quam in 
partem Romani impetum fecerint, cedant (levitate armo- 
rum et quotidiana exercitatione nihil ‘is noceri posse), 
rursus se ad signa recipientes insequantur. 


158 LATIN. 


30 jf. Erat aeger in praesidio relictus Publius Sextius 
Baculus, qui primum pilum ad Caesarem duxerat, cujus 
mentionem superioribus proeliis fecimus, ac diem jam 
quintum cibo caruerat. Hic diffisus suae atque omnium 
saluti ‘rermis ex tabernaculo prodit: videt imminere hos- 

35 tes atque in summo esse rem discrimine: capit arma a 
proximis atque in porta consistit. 


II. 1. Decline adventu (1), principem (3), ullo (4). 
2. Compare certiores (1), nobilissimos (2), prima (11). 
3. Write the synopsis, active and passive, of mittunt (2). 


4. Parse in full each word in the last two lines of pas- 
sage b. 


5. Give the principal parts of the following: obtinebant 
(3), detrudenda (10), effecissent (16), oportere (17), tretur 
(17), contendit (19), conjiciunt (21), desiliunt (24), cedant 
(27), nocert (28), relictus (30), diffisus (33). 


6. State the construction of all italicized words. 


7. Quote (in full) from the above text an example of 
indirect statement. 


8. Change into direct statement the example quoted in 
answer to question seventh. 


September, 1883. 


I. Translate as literally as possible : — 


a. Is itacum Caesare agit: Si pacem populus Romanus 
cum Helvetiis faceret, in eam partem ituros atque ibi 
futuros Helvetios, ubi eos Caesar constituisset atque esse 


10 


25 


30 


LATIN. 159 


voluisset ; sin bello persequi perseveraret, reminisceretur 
et veteris trcommodi populi Romani et pristinae virtutis 
Helvetiorum. 


b. Caesar quum septimam legionem, quae juxta consti- 
terat, item urgeri ab hoste vidisset, tribunos militum 
monuit, ut paulatim sese legiones conjungerent et con- 
versa signa in hostes inferrent. Quo facto, quum alius 
alii subsidium ferrent, neque timerent ne aversi ab hoste 
circumvenirentur, audacius resistere ac fortius pugnare 
coeperunt. 


ce. Una erat magno usui res praeparata a nostris, falces 
praeacutae, insertae aflixaeque longuriis, non absimili 
forma muralium falcium. His quum funes, qui antennas 
ad malos destinabant, comprehensi adductique erant, 
navigio remis incitato praerumpebantur. 


d. Caesar questus, quod, quum ultro in continentem 
legatis missis pacem ab se petissent, bellum sine causa 
intulissent, ignoscere imprudentiae dixit obsidesque im- 
peravit; quorum illi partem statim dederunt, partem ex 
longinquioribus locis arcessitam paucis diebus sese datu- 
ros dixerunt. 


e. His circumventis, magna manu Eburones, Nervii, 
Aduatuci atque horum omnium socii et clientes legionem 
oppugnare incipiunt: nostri celeriter ad arma concurrunt, 
vallum conscendunt. Aegre is dies sustentatur, quod 
omnem spem hostes in celeritate ponebant atque hance 
adepti victoriam in perpetuum se fore victores confidebant. 


f. Multum quum in omnibus rebus, tum in re militari 
potest fortuna. Nam sicut magno accidit casu, ut in 
ipsum incautum etiam atque imparatum incideret, priusque 
ejus adventus ab hominibus videretur, quam fama aut 


160 LATIN. 


35 nuntius afferretur; sic magnae fuit fortwnae omni militari 
instrumento, quod circum se habebat, erepto, rhedis equis- 
que comprehensis, ipsum effugere mortem. 


Il. 1. Decline bello (4), veteris (5), alius (10). 

2. Compare veteris (5), audacius (12), fortius (12). 

3. Write the synopsis, active and passive, of agit (1). 
4. Parse in full each word in the last two lines of pas- 
sage d. 


5. Give the principal parts of the following: voluisset 
(4), persequi (4), reminisceretur (4), inferrent (10), averst 
(11), insertae (15), comprehensi (17), praerumpebantur (18), 
questus (19), petissent (20), adepti (30), erepto (36). 


6. State the construction of all italicized words. 


7. Quote (in full) from the above text an illustration 
of indirect statement. 


8. Convert into direct statement the example quoted in 
answer to question seventh. 


LATIN EXERCISES. 161 


LATIN EXERCISES. 
July, 1880. 


1. The Helvetians' move’ (their) camp’ from? this’ place’®. 


bo 


. Cesar does’ the same® (thing). 

3. Czesar sends-forward? all” (his) cavalry”. 

4. The cavalry was sent-forward by” Cresar. 

5. Cesar will move (his) camp and™ send-forward all 
(his) cavalry. 

6. The Helvetians having moved (their) camp", Cesar 
did the same (thing). 

7. Ceesar said” he would move his camp. 


8. (Re-write sentence seventh so as to illustrate direct 


statement. ) 
9. The Helvetians say: ‘‘ The Roman” people” is a wit- 
ness’*,” 


10. (Re-write sentence ninth so as to illustrate indirect 
statement. ) 


1 Helvetius. 7 facere. 13 que. 

2 movere. 8 idem. 14 nse subjunctive with quam. 
3 castra. 9 praemittere. 15 dicere. 

4 ex. 10 omnis. 16 Romanus. 

5 is. 1 equitatus. 17 populus. 

§ locus. 12 g, 18 testis. 


September, 1880. 
1. Labienus' fortifies? the camp*. 
2. The camp is fortified by* Labienus. 
3. Labienus set-out’® against® the enemy’. 
4. Labienus ascertained® the design’ of the enemy (plural). 
5. Labienus, having ascertained” the design of the enemy 
(plural), fortifies (his) camp. 


162 LATIN EXERCISES. 


6. Labienus set-out with” five" cohorts”. 

7. Labienus said’ he would set-out with five cohorts. 

8. (Re-write sentence seventh so as to illustrate direct 
statement. ) 

9. Labienus says: ‘‘I will move" the camp at day- 
break”’.’’ 


10. (Re-write sentence ninth so as to illustrate indirect 


statement. ) 
1 Labienus. 7 hostis. 12 eohors. 
2 communire. 8 cognoscere. 13 dicere. 
3 castra. ° consilium. 14 movere. 
4a. 10 cum. 15 prima lux. 
5 proficisci. 11 quinque. 16 use ablative absolute. 
6 contra. 


June, 1881. 


1. The horsemen! of Ariovistus hurl’ stones* and‘ darts’ at® 
the Romans. 

2. Stones and darts are hurled at the Romans by the horse- 
men of Ariovistus. 

3. It was reported’ to Cesar (that) the horsemen of 
Ariovistus were hurling stones and darts at the Romans. 

4. (Re-write sentence third so as to illustrate direct state- 
ment. ) 

5. It was reported to Ceesar (that) the horsemen of Ario- 
vistus had hurled stones and javelins at the Romans. 

6. (Re-write sentence fifth so as to illustrate direct state- 
ment. ) 

7. When® it had been reported to Cesar (that) the horse- 
men of Arioyistus were hurling stones and javelins at the 
Romans, he made® an end’ of speaking". 


1 eques. 5 telum. 9 facere. 
2 conjicere. 6 in. 10 finis. 
3 lapis. 7 nuntiare. 11 Joqui. 


+ que. § quum, with subjunctive. 


LATIN EXERCISES. 163 


September, 1881. 
. The Ubii! kil? a great? number of the Suev?. 
. A great number of the Suevi are killed by the Ubii. 


. The Ubii pursued® the terrified’ Suevi. 


Bm OF DO = 


. The terrified Suevi were pursued by the Ubii. 

5. The Ubii, having pursued the terrified Suevi, killed a 
great number of them. 

6. It was reported® to Ceesar (that) the Ubii had killed a 
great number of the Suevi. 

7. (Re-write sentence sixth so as to illustrate direct state- 
ment. ) 

8. It was reported to Caesar (that) the Ubii were pursuing 
the Suevi. 

9. (Re-write sentence eighth so as to illustrate direct state- 


ment. ) 
1 Ubii. 4 numerus. 7 perterritus. 
2 occidere. 5 Suevi. 8 nuntiare. 
® magnus. 6 jnsequi. 


June, 1882. 


1. The Helvetians' send’ embassadors® to* Dumnorix’. 

2. Embassadors are sent to Dumnorix by the Helvetians. 

3. The Helvetians were not® able’ to persuade® the Se- 
quani’. 

4. The Helvetians say” (that) they are not able to per- 
suade the Sequani. 

5. (Re-write sentence fourth in such a manner as to illus- 
trate direct statement. ) 

6. The Helvetians said: ‘‘ We are unable to persuade the 


Sequani.” 


164 LATIN EXERCISES. 


7. (Re-write sentence sixth in such a manner as to illustrate 
indirect statement. ) 


1 Helvetius. 5 Dumunorix. 8 persuadére (governs dative). 
2 mittére. 6 non. 9 Sequanus. 
3 legatus. 7 posse. 10 dicére. 


4 ad. 


September, 1882. 
1. Cvesar leads-forth' three? legions’ from* winter-quarters’. 


2. Three legions are led-forth from winter-quarters by 
Ceesar. 

3. Cesar said® he would lead-forth three legions from 
winter-quarters. 

4, (Re-write sentence third in such a manner as to illustrate 
direct statement. ) 

5. Crsar said: ‘‘I have led-forth three legions from 
winter-quarters.” 

6. (Re-write sentence fifth in such a manner as to illus- 
trate indirect statement. ) 


7. Cesar, having-hastened’ into® Italy’, led forth three 
legions from winter-quarters. 


1 educére. 4 ex. 7 contendére (use pluperf. subj. with gan). 
2 tres. 5 hiberna. § in. 
3 legio. 6 dicére. 9 Italia. 


June, 1883. 
1. The envoys! come? to® Czesar.* 
2. The envoys will come to Caesar. 
3. Ceesar sends back’ the envoys immediately.° 
4. The envoys were immediately sent back by Ceesar. 
5. The envoys, who’? came to Cesar, were immediately 
sent back. 


LATIN EXERCISES. 165 


6. If% the envoys had come to Cesar, they would have 
been immediately sent back. 

7. Cesar forms’ the design” of sending back the envoys. 
(Use gerundive construction.) 

8. (Rewrite sentence seventh, and use gerund instead of 
gerundive.) 

9. It is said, ‘‘ Caesar has sent back the envoys.” 

10. (Rewrite sentence ninth so as to employ indirect 
statement. ) 


1 Jegatus. 3 ad. 5 remittére. 7 qui. 9 capére. 
2 venire. 4 Caesar. 6 statim. 8 si. 10 consilium. 


September, 18838. 


1. The Helvetians! burn? four hundred? villages.4 

2. Four hundred villages are burned by the Helvetians. 

3. The Heivetians will burn four hundred villages. 

4. Four hundred villages will be burned by the Helvetians. 

5. Ceesar’ says® (that) the Helvetians have burned four 
hundred villages. 


6. (Rewrite sentence sixth, and substitute direct state- 
ment.) 

7. The Helvetians formed’ the plan® of burning four hun- 
dred villages. (Use the gerundive construction. ) 

8. (Rewrite sentence seventh, and use gerund instead of 
gernndiyve. ) 

9. The Helvetians say they will burn four hundred villages. 

10. (Rewrite sentence ninth so as to illustrate direct 


statement. ) 


1 Helvetius. 8 quadringenti. 5 Cesar. 7 capére. 
2 incendére. # vicus. § dicére. 8 consilium. 


166 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 


HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 
July, 1880. 


1. What territory has the United States acquired by pur- 
chase? by conquest? by annexation ? 

2. State the causes of (1) the French and Indian War; 
(2) the Revolutionary War; (5) the War of 1812. 

3. Arrange the following events in the order in which they 
occurred, with their dates: Admission of California to the 
Union, assembling of the first Continental Congress, acquisi- 
tion of Florida, second election of Monroe, opening of the 
Erie Canal, capture of Atlanta, death of Daniel Webster. 

4. What was the Wilmot Proviso? 

5. What Vice-Presidents were afterward elected Presidents ? 

6. Give the names of the opposing political parties in 
1800; in 1840; in 1860. 


September, 1SS0. 


1. What territory was granted by James I. to the London 
Company? to the Plymouth Company ? 

2. Describe the settlement of Virginia. 

3. Arrange the following events in the order in which they 
occurred, with their dates: Surrender of Cornwallis, the 
admission of West Virginia to the Union, the Whiskey Re- 
bellion, the negotiation of Perry’s treaty with Japan, the 
adoption of the Constitution. 

4. When and where was the Confederate Government 
formed ¢ 

5. What was the Compromise of 1850? 

6. What President was impeached? What Presidents 
were elected hy the Federalist party ? 


HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 167 


July, 1881. 


1. When and where did the Spaniards make their first 
permanent settlement in North America? the English? the 
French? 

2. State the causes and the results of the French and 


Indian War. 


3. Arrange the following events in the order in which they 
occurred, with their dates: Election of John Adams, settle- 
ment of Georgia, battle of Gettysburg, introduction of 
slavery, assembling of the second Continental Congress, 
opening of the Pacific Railroad, annexation of Texas. 

4. Sketch the career of Benjamin Franklin; of Abraham 
Lincoln. 

5. What was the Fugitive Slave Law? 


6. Who was President in 1803? in 1843? in 1873? 


September, 1881. 


1. Sketch the settlement founded by Roger Williams ; by 
James Oglethorpe. 

2. How were the Colonies governed before the Revolution ? 

3. Arrange the following events in the order in which they 
occurred, with their dates : Impeachment of Andrew Johnson, 
surrender of Burgoyne, introduction of the Telegraph, Lin- 
coln’s Emancipation Proclamation, battle of New Orleans, 
purchase of Louisiana, death of Washington. 

4. Give the names of the opposing political parties in 
1800; in 1868. 


5. When was the Constitution adopted ? 


6. Sketch the administration of Monroe; Fillmore. 


168 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 


June, 1882. 


1. Give in chronological order the following dates : Settle- 
ment of Georgia, Bacon’s Rebellion, foundation of St. Augus- 
tine, battle of Germantown, admission of Kentucky, secession 
of South Carolina. 


2. Describe the settlement of Rhode Island. 


3. What changes were made in the French possessions 
in America by the Treaty of Paris? 


4. When did the first Continental Congress meet, and 


what did it do? 
5. What was the Missouri Compromise? 


6. Who were the presidential candidates in 1860? 


September, 1882. 


1. Give in chronological order the following dates: Battle 
of Plattsburg, foundation of Rhode Island Colony, New 
tngland Confederation, discovery of the Hudson, admission 
of Missouri. 


2. Describe the Settlement of Georgia. 


3. When and how did the United States acquire Louis- 
jana and Florida? 


4, What were the patroons? 
5. What is the Monroe doctrine ? 


6. When and by what States was the Southern Con- 
federacy formed? 


HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 169 


June, 1883. 

1. Give in chronological order the following dates: La 
Salle’s exploration of the Mississippi; Battle of the Brandy- 
wine; presidencies of John Quimcy Adams, Van Buren, 
Taylor; King Philip’s War; Frobisher’s first voyage; Set- 
tlement of Jamestown. 

2. Describe the settlement of New York, and explain the 
origin of its name. 

3. Show the difference between royal, proprietary, and 
charter colonies. 

4. Give, with their dates, the principal events that led to 
the revolt of the colonies from the passage of the Stamp Act 
to the battle of Lexington. 

5. What were the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions, and 
by what were they occasioned? 

6. State the causes and the general results of the Mexican 
War. 

September, 1883. 

1. Give in chronological order the following dates: Battle 
of Lundy’s Lane; settlement of Maryland; invasion of 
Mexico; trials for Witchcraft at Salem; presidencies of 
Polk, Buchanan, Jackson ; emancipation of the slaves. 

2. Give an account of the foundation of the Connecticut 
and New Haven Colonies. 

3. When, for what purpose, and on what terms was the 
New England Confederation formed ? 

4. Give the date, causes, and results of the French and 
Indian War. 

5. When was the treaty of Ghent made, and what were 
its provisions? 

6. Give an account of the compromise of 1850, and the 
questions which it was intended to settle. 


170 GEOGRAPHY. 


GHOGRAPH ¥. 
July, 1880. 


i. Bound the State of Mississippi ; hame its larger cities, 
and tell how they are situated. 

2. Where is the Cape of Good Hope ; Cape May ; Cape St. 
Lucas ; Cape Race? 

3. What countries of America border on the Pacific Ocean ? 

4. Where does the River Rhine rise, run, and empty, and 
what countries does it touch? 

5. What countries of Europe touch the Mediterranean 
Sea? 


6. Where are the following cities: Melbourne, Milwaukee, 
Havre, Valparaiso, Cairo? 


September, 18S0. 


1. Bound the State of Virginian; what are some of its 
larger cities, and how are they situated? and what are some 
of the principal rivers in it or on its borders? 

2. What States (of the U.S.) border on the Gulf of 
Mexico? name them in their order, beginning with Texas. 

3. Where does the Missouri River rise? deseribe the 
direction of its course; what States and Territories does it 
pass through or touch? 

4. Where are the following European cities, and how are 
they situated: Bremen, Venice, Cologne, Havre, Hamburgh? 

5. Where are the Aleutian Islands? the Azores? the Ber- 
mudas? the Philippines? the Bahamas? 

6. Bound British India. Give the names of some of its 
principal rivers, mountains, and cities, and tell how each is 
situated. 


awe 


GEOGRAPHY. cit 


July, 1881. 


1. Bound the State of Tennessee; name two cities in the 
State, and tell how and where they are situated. 

2. What States of the United States touch Lake Erie? 
what large cities are situated on it, and in what States are 
they? 

3. Where are the Cascade Mountains? what river or rivers 
break through them? name some peaks in them; in what 
States or Territories are they ? 

4. What is the Torrid Zone? about how many English 
miles wide is it? name three cities in it, and tell where they 
are situated. 

5. Where does the River Rhine rise? what direction does 
it run? where does it empty, and what countries does it 
touch? 

6. Where are the following cities: Baltimore, Singapore, 
Havana, Manilla, Detroit? 


September, 1881. 


1. Bound the State of Missouri; name its largest city, 
and tell how it is situated. 

2. What States and Territories of the United States touch 
British America or the Great Lakes through which the bound- 
ary runs (name them in their order, beginning with Maine, 
and passing west) ? 

3. Describe the Russian Empire, its position, its capital, 
its principal rivers. 

4. Where does the River Oronoco rise? what is its course? 
where does it empty, and what countries does it touch? 

5. Where are the following cities: Glasgow, Bombay, 
Valparaiso, Rochester, Bremen? 

6. What countries surround the Mediterranean Sea, and 
where is each one located ? 


172 GEOGRAPHY. 


June, 1882. 


1. Bound the State of Ohio; name two cities in it, and 
tell how they are situated. 


2. Where does the Rio Grande River rise? where does it 
run and empty, and what States and Territories does it 
touch ? 


5. Where is Hindoostan? name two rivers in it, and where 
they rise, which direction they run, and where they empty ; 
name two cities in it, and tell how they are situated. 

4. Bound Spain; what is its capital? name two chains of 
mountains in it, and tell their situation. 

5. Where are the following islands : Cyprus, Ceylon, Tene- 
riffe, Trinidad, and Shetland? 

6. How wide is the North Temperate Zone in English 
miles? 


September, 1882. 


1. Bound the State of Georgia; give the names of two 
cities in it; of two rivers in it; and what mountains are 
in it. 

2. Where are the following cities: Buffalo, Denver, Mil- 
waukee, Memphis, Louisville, Atlanta? 


5. Give the names of three seaports. in South America ; 
tell what country each one is in, and how each is situated. 


4. How is the Black Sea bounded? what waters are con- 
nected with it? name two rivers that empty into it, and tell 
where they flow from. 


5. Bound Morocco, and describe its position. 


6. Where is Lake Winnipeg? what river runs into it from 
the United States? what is its outlet, and where does it empty? 


GEOGRAPHY. 173 


June, 1883. 


1. Bound the State of Colorado; give the names of two 
rivers in it, and tell where they rise, run, and empty; give 
the name of one city in it, and tell where it is situated. 

2. If we travel due south from Lake Michigan to the Gulf 
of Mexico, what States would we touch? 

3. Bound France; give the names of two rivers in it, and 
tell where they rise, run, and empty; give the names of two 
cities in it, and tell where they are situated. 

4. Where are the following cities: Santiago, Salem, 
Singapore, Sacrainento, Sydney, Savannah? 

5. What States and Provinces touch Lake Erie? Give 
the names of three rivers that empty into it, and tell where 
they come from. 

6. Give the names of four seaports in Asia, tell what 
countries they are in, and how they are situated. 


September, 1883. 


1. Bound the State of Michigan, give the names of two 
cities in it, and tell where they are situated. 

2. If we travel due west from North Carolina to the 
Pacific Coast, what States and Territories should we touch? 

3. Bound Russia; what is its capital, and where is it situ- 
ated; give the name of one other city in Russia, and tell 
where it is situated. 

4. Where are the following cities: Manchester, Manila, 
Marseilles, Madrid, Memphis, Minneapolis? 

5. What countries of Africa touch the Atlantic Ocean? 
Give their names in their order from north to south. 

6. Give the names of four seaports in South America, tell 
what countries they are in, and how they are situated. 


0 


174 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. 


ENGLISH GRAMMAR. 
July, 1880. 


1. Parse the words in the following sentences : — 
(a) Many were present who had no desire to change. 
(6) The wages of sin is death. 
2. Name the parts of speech, with an illustrative example 
of each one. 
3. Inflect throughout the pronouns of the first and second 
persons. 
4. Give the principal parts of the verbs lie, lay, draw, 
ride, thrive, set, sit, and go. 
June, 1881. 


1. Mention the various classes of pronouns, and give the 
names of the pronouns belonging to each class. 
2. How many conjugations of the verb are there, and how 
are they distinguished ? 
3. Parse the following sentence : — 
The friends, upon whom he had once relied, were 
now become his bitterest enemies; in one alone had 
he not been disappointed. 


June, 1882. 

1. Define noun and verb. 

2. Name the relative pronouns. State in reference to 
what each is used. 

5. Give examples of three verbs with their principal parts 
from each one of the two English conjugations, — the old 
(or strong), and the new (or weak). 

4. Parse the following : — 

I here declare those whom If did accuse 
Are innocent. ’Tis I alone am guilty. 


ENGLISH GRAMMAR, a Wis, 


June, 18838. 
1. Define the subject and the predicate of a sentence. 
2. Give the two methods of comparing the adjective. 


3. State the distinction existing between the old (or 
~ strong) and the new (or weak) conjugation of the verb, and 
give three examples of verbs of each conjugation. 

4. Parse the words in the following sentence: 


He, by whom the sword of the law is borne, is him- 
self the law’s servant, and not its master. 


Press of Berwick & Smith, 118 Purchase Street. 


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Ma CONTENTS. 


4 Plan of Rome, and Illustrations of Classical Sites. 

. The World as known to the Ancients. 

. Map of the outer Geography of the Odyssey. 

. Orbis Terrarum (et Orb. Homeri, Herodoti, Democriti, Straboris, 
Ptolemezi). 

5. Hispania. 

6. Gallia. 

7. Insulz Britanicze (et Brit. Strabonis, Brit. Ptolemzei, etc.). 

8. Germania, Vindelicia, Rhezetia, et Noricum. 

9 

o 

I 


WN 


. Pannonia, Dacia, Illyricum, Mcesia, Macedonia, et Thracia. 
. Italia Superior et Corsica. 
. Italia Inferior, Sicilia, et Sardinia (et Campania, Syracusze, Roma). 


g2 


12. 


GINN, HEATH, & CO’S PUBLICATIONS. 


Imperium Romanum (et Imp. Rom. Orient. et Occid.). 


hermopyle) 


13. Grecia (et Athen, Marathon, T 
14. Peloponnesus, Attica, Boeotia, Phocis, /étolia, et Acarnania. 
re 


Leuctra, Platzea). 
16. 
7: 


Grecia a Bello Peloponnesiaco, usque ad Philippum II. (et Mantinez 


Asia Minor (et Campus Trojz, Bosporos, Troas, Ionia, etc.). 
Syria et Palestina (et Hierosolyma, etc.). 
Armenia, Mesopotamia, Babylonia, Assyria (et Iter Xenophontis). 


18. 
19. Regnum Alexandri Magni (et Granicus, Issus, Arbela). 
20. Persia et India (et India Ptolenizi). 


2I. 
22. 


23. 


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Numidia et Africa Propria). 


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Index. 


Allen’s Geography of the Ancient World. 


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Also used and recommended by such 


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Phillips Exeter Academy, 
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W. W. Goodwin, Prof. of Greek, 
Harvard Univ.: \t is a most beautiful 
and highly useful work, and I am glad 


to see what used to be an expensive | 
luxury brought within the means of all | 


students of the classics. (Dec. 2, 7880.) 


Elisha Jones, Ass/. Prof. of Latin, | 


Univ. of Mich. : From my cursory ac- 


quaintance I have recommended it to| 


our teachers. The map of the Home- 
ric Geography is a feature not contained 
in either of my other atlases, and will 
aid Homeric students greatly, 


Phillips Andover Academy, 
Boston Latin Schools, ete. 


Tracy Peck, Prof. of Latin, Yale 
Coll.: 1 have heretofore known the 
Atlas sufficiently well to feel justified in 
recommending it to inquiring students, 
(May 9, 1881.) 


S. R. Winans, Zutor in Greek, 
Princeton Coll., N.F.: It is superb: 
nothing to criticise, and everything to 
commend, Every student of the clas- 
sics needs something of the sort, and 
this is by all odds the best of its kind. 





| ( Oct. 4, 1880.) 


32 


GINN, HEATH, & COS PUBLICATIONS. 





The Reader’s Guide to English History. 





A classified list of works in English History, including poems, dramas, 
and works of fiction, arranged by periods, for convenience of reference. 
With a Supplement, extending the plan over other departments of 
history, — ancient, modern, European, and American. By WILLIAM 
FRANCIS ALLEN, A.M., Professor in the University of Wisconsin. Long 


8vo. Paper. 50 pages. 


Mailing Price, 30 cts.; Introduction, 25 cts. 


The Supplement can be had separately; Mailing Price, 10 cts. 


The arrangement is that of four parallel columns upon two oppo- 
site pages: the first column containing the English sovereigns, in 
the several houses, in the form of genealogical tables; the second, 
good historical reading, whether histories, biographies, or essays ; 
the third, novels, poems, and dramas illustrating that period of 
English History, — also, so far as possible. arranged chronologically ; 
the fourth, the same class of works illustrating contemporary history. 


F. A. March, Prof. of the English 
Lang. and Comp. Philology, Lafayette 
Coll. : It is a good idea, and will bea 
useful book. We are all novel readers. 


H.B. Adams, Associate Prof. of 
History, Fohns Hopkins Univ.: | know 
- something of Professor Allen’s histori- 
cal scholarship, and it is sufficient praise 
of this little book for handy reference 
to say that it sustains the author's repu- 
tation for accuracy, sound judgment, 
and nice discrimination. (/Vov. 6,82.) 


Charles F. Richardson, Prof. of 
Anglo-Saxon and English, Dartmouth 
Coll.: The wealth of English historical 
fiction has not elsewhere been made so 
evident and so accessible. 

( Oct. 28, 1882.) 


George B. Adams, Prof. of Hist. 
and Eng, Lit., Drury Coll. Springfield, 
Mo.: 1 like the idea of the work very 
much, and shall take great pleasure in 
recommending it. (Oct. 7, 1882.) 


From a review in “ L’Atheneum 
Belge” (Brussels), by Paul Fréde- 
ricq, Prof. in the Univ. of Liége. . 








Un manuel d’histoire d’Angleterre, 
concu sur un plan vraiment original et 
séduisant. ... Je crois en avoir dit 
assez pour appeler l’attention sérieuse 
de tous ceux qui étudient l'histoire 
d’Angleterre sur ce manuel précieux a 
la fois pour les spécialistes et pour les 
gens de monde, et dont le plan original 
et pratique a une saveur tout Anglo- 
Saxonne. 


Educational Times, Lozdon, 
Eng..: It seems to include no books 
that are undesirable, from either a liter- 
ary or a historical point of view. The 
result is an extremely agreeable histor- 
ica] hand-book, not merely for children, 
but for adults. It isnot only a novelty, 
but a useful novelty. (0. 1, 1883.) 


Atlantic Monthly: It is an ad- 
mirable hand-book, in which the really 
necessary books and chronological facts 
are given, to the exclusion of lumber 
and dead wood. (Vec., 1882.) 


New England Journal of Edu- 
cation: No one in this country is bet- 
ter qualified than Mr. Allen to prepare 
such an outline of reading and study 
on English history. 


ENGLISH LITERATURE. 


Boston Advertiser: Dr. Dies- 
terweg’s observations are practical and 
admirably arranged, Much that he 
writes may with propriety and advan- 
tage be applied to other branches of 
instruction than history, and few teach- 
ers could fail to be profited by a peru- 
sal of his monograph. 


N. E. Journal of Education: 
We know of no work so valuable to 
students and readers of history as this. 


The N. Y. Examiner: If this 
book does not meet with a warm re- 
cepuon from teachers, it will not get its 
just deserts. No subject is so badly 
taught in our schools and academies 





31 


as history. Neither teacher nor pupil 
dreams that any other method is pos- 
sible, and accordingly history is cor- 
dially hated. A thorough study of 
this book would do much to remedy 
this defective method, and make the 
study of history delightful to all pupils, 
and to the teacher first of all. 


The Christian Union: Among 
those who are applying to educational 
questions the best experience of the 
past, and the results of exhaustive, 
conscientious individual thinking, Dr. 
G. Stanley Hall holds a foremost place ; 
he brings to the discussion ample 
knowledge, ripe experience, and a 
philosophical temper. 


History Topics, for High Schools and Colleges. 


PART I.: Dynastic and Territorial History of Ancient and Modern 


Times. 


Parr II.: History of the United States. 


With an Introduc- 


tion upon the Topical Method of Instruction in History. By WILLIAM 


FRANCIS ALLEN, Professor in the University of Wisconsin. 


Square 


16mo. Paper. 121 pages. Mailing price, 30 cts.; Introduction, 25 cts.. 


A course in general history should leave the student in possession 


of three things: First, an outline of chronology; secondly, a knowl- 
edge of the great decisive events and names of history; thirdly, 
some idea of the relation of contemporaneous events to one another 
at these great epochs, — as we may call them, —/zstorzcal distances, 
historical emphasis, and synchronisms. The method here presented, 
by its strictly chronological arrangement and its selection of special 
topics, is intended to accomplish the two first of these ends; a syn- 
chronistic table, carefully drawn up by each member of the class, 
with strict adherence to chronological proportion, will accomplish the 
third end, while assisting in the clear exposition of historical distances. 

The first object of the topical method is to give prominence to 
the most important names and events of history, and concentrate 
the reading of the students upon certain selected ones of these. A 
second object is to encourage independent research. 

In an appendix is given a classified list of those books which are 
considered most serviceable in connection with this methed. 


GINN, HEATH, & CO’S PUBLICATIONS. 


Methods of Teaching and Studying History. 


(Vol. I., Pedagogical Library.) Edited by G. STANLEY HALL, Ph.D., 
Lecturer on Psychology and Ethics, and on Pedagogy in Harvard and 
Johns Hopkins Universities. 12mo. Cloth. Mailing Price, $1.30; 
Introduction, $1.20. 


30 





Part I. is a translation of the Monograph of Diesterweg on His- 
toriology, regarded by German teachers as the most helpful treatise 
in all the voluminous literature upon the subject in their language. 
It discusses the meaning. uses, classes, limits of historical study ; 
the material, manner of arrangement, aids and method of teaching ; 
advantages of the study of different periods, and the best order and 
way of approach, etc. 

Part II. consists of independent contributions of the following 
prominent teachers of history: Prof. Chas. K. Adams, University 
of Michigan; Prof. W. E. Allen, University of Wisconsin; Prof. 
Herbert B. Adams of Johns Hopkins University ; Prof. Richard T. 
Ely, Johns Hopkins University ; Pres. Andrew D. White of Cornell 
University ; Prof. J. W. Burgess of Columbia College, N.Y.; Ed- 
ward Atkinson, Mass. Inst. of Technology; and T. W. Higginson, 
Cambridge, Mass.; also an article on The Relation of Physical 
Geography and History; with a very carefully selected and discrim- 
inated bibliography by Prof. Allen of Wisconsin University ; and an 
introduction by the editor. It is thought that this volume will be 
indispensable to every teacher and student of history in the country. 


The Nation: The general excel- 
lence and helpfulness of the book be- 
fore us ought to secure it many readers. 
We can heartily recommend it as well 
to teachers who are conscious of defi- 
ciencies in their preparation, as to 
principals and school boards who wish 
for assistance in laying out courses of 
study. It contains few details of fact, 
but an excellent summary and analysis 
of principles. 


The American: The volume is 
certainly an excellent one, and one 
that ought help to fill a need where a 
need has been felt, and to create a 





desire for something better where in- 
dolence or brainlessness has brought 
about a perverse satisfaction. The 
question is whether the proportion of 
teachers anxious for and capable of 
something better will outnumber those 
“who merely hear recitations, keeping 
the finger on the place in the text- 
book, and only asking the questions 
conveniently printed for them in the 
margin or back of the book.” 


Yale Courant: It would certainly 
be a most decided improvement on the 
cut-and-dried text-book recitations that 
some of us have known. 


LATIN TEXT-BOOKS. 89 





An Etymology of Latin and Greek. 


With a Preliminary Statement of the New System of Indo-European 
Phonetics, and Suggestions in Regard to the Study of Etymology. By 
CHARLES S. HaAusty, A.M., Principal of Union Classical Institute, 
Schenectady, N.Y. 12mo. Cloth. 272 pages. Mailing Price, $1.25, 
Introduction, $1.12. 


The following are the prominent features of the work: — 

1. It presents the subject in a systematic form. The general 
principles and laws of the science are first clearly stated and illus- 
trated; then the words are treated in their etymological order. 
This produces a result far better than can be obtained from the 
mere study of detached words scattered irregularly through a lexicon. 

2. It gives a new and simple plan, presenting side by side for 
each group of related words the form of the root in Indo-European, 
Sanskrit, Greek, and Latin, with the meaning of the root. Follow- 
ing these roots are the most practical Greek words and the mos’ 
practical Latin words, with their meanings. This furnishes a valu- 
able stock of words associated by the natural bond of their common 
derivation, each language, too, throwing light upon the other. 

3. It presents within moderate compass the results of the lates: 
investigations of the highest authorities, omitting doubtful etymolo- 
gies, and is thus at once rigidly scientific and thoroughly practical. 

4. It gives great prominence to the derivation of English words, 
supplying to a large degree the place of an English etymology. 

5. Being furnished with a complete index for every root and 
word treated, it can be conveniently used as a work of reference. 

6. It presents the entire subject in a form thoroughly adapted to 
school use in classes. The study of Etymology, as here presented, 
may begin with the very outset of the study of Latin, and be con- 
tinued through the entire course of classical study. It may he 
pursued with a separate recitation, or in brief portions, in connec- 
tion with the recitations from the Greek and Latin authors. 

7. The present work is the first school-book to set forth in the 
English language the principles and the application of the new sys- 
tem of I.-E. Phonetics. This it does in full, and in a practical and 
imvesizible form. This work may be used without confusion in con- 
nection with any grammar or lexicon; and it supplies thoroughly 
what they may lack in the important department of Etymology. 





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